{"title":"Leaf waxes from Lathyrus sativus: short-range attractant and stimulant for nymph laying in a viviparous insect","authors":"Paroma Mitra, Swati Das, Anandamay Barik","doi":"10.1007/s00049-020-00303-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Lathyrus sativus</i> L. (Fabaceae) is an important pulse crop of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Infestation by the aphid, <i>Aphis craccivora</i> Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) causes stunted growth of plants and reduces seed production. Females lay nymphs on the leaves and flowers of <i>L. sativus</i>. Hence, it is relevant to study the importance of leaf wax compounds (long-chain alkanes and free fatty acids) from two cultivars [BIO L 212 Ratan (BIO) and Nirmal B-1 (NIR)] of <i>L. sativus</i> as short-range attractant and stimulant for nymph laying in the aphid. The TLC, GC-MS and GC-FID analyses of <i>n</i>-hexane extracts from leaves of two cultivars revealed 18 <i>n</i>-alkanes from <i>n</i>-C<sub>15</sub> to <i>n</i>-C<sub>36</sub> and 14 free fatty acids from C12:0 to C22:0. Pentadecane was predominant among <i>n</i>-alkanes in both cultivars. Palmitoleic acid and pentadecanoic acid were predominant free fatty acids in leaf waxes of BIO and NIR, respectively. Females were attracted towards leaf waxes of both cultivars compared to the control solvent (<i>n</i>-hexane) in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. A synthetic blend of either pentadecane, tridecanoic acid, and linoleic acid at similar amounts present in one leaf equivalent wax of BIO, or pentadecane, docosane, pentacosane, heptacosane, tritriacontane, and linoleic acid at similar amounts present in one leaf equivalent wax of NIR acted as short-range attractant and stimulated females to lay nymphs. But, the latter blend was more attractive and stimulated females to lay more nymphs than the former blend, and hence, this latter blend could be employed in the development of baited traps in pest management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"30 3","pages":"117 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-020-00303-7","citationCount":"17","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemoecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00049-020-00303-7","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Abstract
Lathyrus sativus L. (Fabaceae) is an important pulse crop of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Infestation by the aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) causes stunted growth of plants and reduces seed production. Females lay nymphs on the leaves and flowers of L. sativus. Hence, it is relevant to study the importance of leaf wax compounds (long-chain alkanes and free fatty acids) from two cultivars [BIO L 212 Ratan (BIO) and Nirmal B-1 (NIR)] of L. sativus as short-range attractant and stimulant for nymph laying in the aphid. The TLC, GC-MS and GC-FID analyses of n-hexane extracts from leaves of two cultivars revealed 18 n-alkanes from n-C15 to n-C36 and 14 free fatty acids from C12:0 to C22:0. Pentadecane was predominant among n-alkanes in both cultivars. Palmitoleic acid and pentadecanoic acid were predominant free fatty acids in leaf waxes of BIO and NIR, respectively. Females were attracted towards leaf waxes of both cultivars compared to the control solvent (n-hexane) in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. A synthetic blend of either pentadecane, tridecanoic acid, and linoleic acid at similar amounts present in one leaf equivalent wax of BIO, or pentadecane, docosane, pentacosane, heptacosane, tritriacontane, and linoleic acid at similar amounts present in one leaf equivalent wax of NIR acted as short-range attractant and stimulated females to lay nymphs. But, the latter blend was more attractive and stimulated females to lay more nymphs than the former blend, and hence, this latter blend could be employed in the development of baited traps in pest management strategies.
期刊介绍：
It is the aim of Chemoecology to promote and stimulate basic science in the field of chemical ecology by publishing research papers that integrate evolution and/or ecology and chemistry in an attempt to increase our understanding of the biological significance of natural products. Its scopes cover the evolutionary biology, mechanisms and chemistry of biotic interactions and the evolution and synthesis of the underlying natural products. Manuscripts on the evolution and ecology of trophic relationships, intra- and interspecific communication, competition, and other kinds of chemical communication in all types of organismic interactions will be considered suitable for publication. Ecological studies of trophic interactions will be considered also if they are based on the information of the transmission of natural products (e.g. fatty acids) through the food-chain. Chemoecology further publishes papers that relate to the evolution and ecology of interactions mediated by non-volatile compounds (e.g. adhesive secretions). Mechanistic approaches may include the identification, biosynthesis and metabolism of substances that carry information and the elucidation of receptor- and transduction systems using physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Papers describing the structure and functional morphology of organs involved in chemical communication will also be considered.
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