Quantum Multicast Protocol and Multi-output Remote Operation Implementation via Four-particle Cluster State

Abstract

By making use of the maximally entangled cluster state of four particles as the quantum channels, this article suggests three theoretical protocols to synchronously teleport different quantum information from one sender to multiple receivers. One protocol is a tripartite quantum multicast, which enables one sender to transmit two different known states of arbitrary single-qubit to two receivers with a 100% success probability, respectively and synchronously. The rest are two tripartite multi-output remote operation implementation (ROI) protocols, including arbitrary single-particle operations and partially unknown single-particle operations. In each of these two protocols, one sender can remotely and deterministically apply two quantum operations on two unknown states in receivers’ particles, respectively and synchronously, to ensure that the quantum operations received by two recipients are different, so as to meet the requirements of multi-output communication. Comparing these two protocols of arbitrary quantum operations and partially unknown operations, the latter uses only half of the quantum resources and classical resources required by the former, at the cost that the latter’s quantum operations are partially unknown. In addition, the above three schemes can be extended to scenarios where non-maximally entangled cluster state of four particles acts as quantum channels.