What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888

IF 0.7 2区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Jed Buchwald, Chen-Pang Yeang, Noah Stemeroff, Jenifer Barton, Quinn Harrington
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Abstract

Among the most influential and well-known experiments of the 19th century was the generation and detection of electromagnetic radiation by Heinrich Hertz in 1887–1888, work that bears favorable comparison for experimental ingenuity and influence with that by Michael Faraday in the 1830s and 1840s. In what follows, we pursue issues raised by what Hertz did in his experimental space to produce and to detect what proved to be an extraordinarily subtle effect. Though he did provide evidence for the existence of such radiation that other investigators found compelling, nevertheless Hertz’s data and the conclusions he drew from it ran counter to the claim of Maxwell’s electrodynamics that electric waves in air and wires travel at the same speed. Since subsequent experiments eventually suggested otherwise, the question arises of just what took place in Hertz’s. The difficulties attendant on designing, deploying, and interpreting novel apparatus go far in explaining his results, which were nevertheless sufficiently convincing that other investigators, and Hertz himself, soon took up the challenge of further investigation based on his initial designs.

Abstract Image

海因里希·赫兹在1887年至1888年对电波的发现
19世纪最具影响力和知名度的实验之一是海因里希·赫兹在1887年至1888年对电磁辐射的产生和检测,这项工作在实验独创性和影响力方面与迈克尔·法拉第在19世纪30年代和19世纪40年代的工作相比较。在接下来的内容中,我们将探讨赫兹在他的实验空间中所做的事情所引发的问题,以产生和检测被证明是一种异常微妙的效果。尽管赫兹确实提供了其他研究人员认为有说服力的证据来证明这种辐射的存在,但赫兹的数据和他从中得出的结论与麦克斯韦电动力学的说法背道而驰,即空气中的电波和电线以相同的速度传播。由于随后的实验最终表明情况并非如此,赫兹发生了什么才是问题所在。设计、部署和解释新型仪器所带来的困难在很大程度上解释了他的结果,尽管如此,这些结果仍然足够令人信服,以至于其他调查人员和赫兹本人很快就接受了基于他最初设计的进一步调查的挑战。
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来源期刊
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Archive for History of Exact Sciences 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
16
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Archive for History of Exact Sciences casts light upon the conceptual groundwork of the sciences by analyzing the historical course of rigorous quantitative thought and the precise theory of nature in the fields of mathematics, physics, technical chemistry, computer science, astronomy, and the biological sciences, embracing as well their connections to experiment. This journal nourishes historical research meeting the standards of the mathematical sciences. Its aim is to give rapid and full publication to writings of exceptional depth, scope, and permanence.
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