Discrete-Variable-Thrust Guidance for Orbital Rendezvous Based on Feedback Linearization

Abstract

This research is focused on the analysis, design, and numerical testing of a feedback guidance algorithm for autonomous (unmanned) close-range maneuvering of a chaser spacecraft, in the context of orbital rendezvous with a target vehicle. The relative dynamics of the two vehicles, placed in nearby low Earth orbits, is modeled using the nonlinear Battin–Giorgi equations of relative motion, with the inclusion of all the relevant perturbations, i.e. several harmonics of the geopotential, atmospheric drag, solar radiation pressure, and third body gravitational pull due to Moon and Sun. Unlike several former contributions in the scientific literature, this research considers the orbit perturbing actions on both vehicles, proving that this is crucial for a successful maneuver. Feedback linearization provides the theoretical foundation for the definition and development of a guidance algorithm that is capable of driving the chaser vehicle toward the target spacecraft. Moreover, discrete-variable thrust is considered, and an effective modulation scheme is proposed that includes adaptation of the control gains. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the guidance technique at hand is effective and accurate in driving the chaser spacecraft toward the target vehicle, in the presence of orbit perturbations and unpredictable displacements from the nominal initial conditions.