The diverse landscape of AB5-type toxins

Engineering Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI:10.1016/j.engmic.2023.100104

Paris I. Brown, Adaobi Ojiakor, Antonio J. Chemello, Casey C. Fowler

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Abstract

AB₅-type toxins are a group of secreted protein toxins that are central virulence factors for bacterial pathogens such as Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae, Bordetella pertussis, and certain lineages of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. AB₅ toxins are composed of an active (A) subunit that manipulates host cell biology in complex with a pentameric binding/delivery (B) subunit that mediates the toxin's entry into host cells and its subsequent intracellular trafficking. Broadly speaking, all known AB₅-type toxins adopt similar structural architectures and employ similar mechanisms of binding, entering and trafficking within host cells. Despite this, there is a remarkable amount of diversity amongst AB₅-type toxins; this includes different toxin families with unrelated activities, as well as variation within families that can have profound functional consequences. In this review, we discuss the diversity that exists amongst characterized AB₅-type toxins, with an emphasis on the genetic and functional variability within AB₅ toxin families, how this may have evolved, and its impact on human disease.

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AB5型毒素的多样性

AB5型毒素是一组分泌蛋白毒素，是痢疾志贺菌、霍乱弧菌、百日咳杆菌以及某些致病性大肠杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌谱系等细菌病原体的中心毒力因子。AB5毒素由一个活性（A）亚基组成，该亚基与介导毒素进入宿主细胞及其随后的细胞内运输的五聚体结合/递送（B）亚基复合操纵宿主细胞生物学。总的来说，所有已知的AB5型毒素都采用相似的结构结构，并在宿主细胞内采用相似的结合、进入和运输机制。尽管如此，AB5型毒素之间存在显著的多样性；这包括具有不相关活动的不同毒素家族，以及可能产生深远功能后果的家族内变异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了特征性AB5型毒素之间存在的多样性，重点是AB5毒素家族中的遗传和功能变异性，这可能是如何进化的，以及它对人类疾病的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Engineering Microbiology

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

0.00%

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