Allelopathic effects of Oldeania alpina (K. Schum.) Stapleton leaf aqueous extract on seed germination and initial seedling growth of two selected crops

Chala Mamude , Zebene Asfaw
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Abstract

Empirical evidence indicates that allelopathic chemicals produced by perennials plants result in a positive or negative change in the germination, growth, and behaviour of other plants growing in close association. This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Oldeania alpina leaf aqueous extract on germination and initial growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) test crops under laboratory conditions. Four different solvents (i.e., hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) were used to prepare O. alpina leaf extracts. Then, the extracts were subjected to qualitative analysis to identify the presence of allelochemical compounds namely; flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, quinones, coumarins, saponins, and, anthraquinones. Aqueous extract concentrations (i.e., 0 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5 %, and 10 %) were used to irrigate seeds of test crops using a completely randomized design. The analysis revealed that better germination percentage, speed, and time for both wheat and barley were observed at control while reduced as the concentration of the extract increased up to 10 %. Higher mean shoot growth for wheat (105.2 ± 14.6 mm) and for barley (94.3 ± 30.9 mm) were obtained for the control treatment. A similar trend was observed for root lengths of wheat (104.0 ± 12.4 mm) and barley (65.9 ± 18.4 mm). The mean values decreased for each of the studied parameters as the concentration of the extract increased. Except for anthraquinones, all tested allelochemicals in extracts inhibited germination and initial growth of barley and wheat crops. This implies that planting wheat and barley close to O. alpina may require field-level investigation.

高山Oldeania alpina(K.Schum)斯台普顿叶水提取物对两种作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用
经验证据表明,多年生植物产生的化感化学物质会对密切相关的其他植物的发芽、生长和行为产生积极或消极的变化。本研究旨在研究在实验室条件下,高山Oldeania alpina叶水提取物对大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)和小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)试验作物发芽和初始生长的化感作用。使用四种不同的溶剂(即己烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和水)制备高山梨叶提取物。然后,对提取物进行定性分析,以确定化感化合物的存在,即;类黄酮、酚类、单宁、萜类、类固醇、醌类、香豆素类、皂苷类和蒽醌类。使用完全随机设计,用水提取物浓度(即0%、2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%)灌溉试验作物的种子。分析表明,在对照组中,小麦和大麦的发芽率、发芽速度和发芽时间都更好,但随着提取物浓度增加到10%,发芽率降低。对照处理获得了小麦(105.2±14.6mm)和大麦(94.3±30.9mm)更高的平均地上部生长。小麦(104.0±12.4mm)和大麦(65.9±18.4mm)的根长也有类似的趋势。随着提取物浓度的增加,每个研究参数的平均值都有所下降。除蒽醌外,提取物中所有测试的化感物质都抑制了大麦和小麦作物的发芽和初始生长。这意味着,在靠近阿尔卑斯山的地方种植小麦和大麦可能需要实地调查。
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