Fad or Renaissance? Motivational and demographic characteristics of USDA Forest Service recreationists during and after the pandemic

IF 3.6 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Chase Perren , B. Bynum Boley , Gary T. Green , Eric M. White
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

While there have been a host of studies investigating the COVID-19 pandemic's influence on outdoor recreation, few have investigated the socio-demographic composition and motivations of visitors who increased their outdoor recreation during this period and if these users will continue recreating at the same level as the pandemic wanes. This study surveyed visitors to the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests (NPNF) within the US state of North Carolina to identify if rising outdoor recreation participation is solely a result of the pandemic or more indicative of a renaissance. Demographic and motivational differences between those whose recreation decreased, stayed the same or increased during the pandemic were also analyzed to see if these patterns remain stable one year after the pandemic. The sample of 1594 visitors from Georgia (n = 483), South Carolina (n = 682), and North Carolina (n = 429) indicate growth in visitation to the NPNF is not just a fad but more of a renaissance with continued high levels of visitation forecasted after the pandemic. Results also show that outdoor recreationists characterized as more ethnically diverse with lower income and educational levels had visitation levels to the forest that increased during the pandemic compared to the outdoor recreationists who were White, more affluent, and highly educated. However, these changes appear to reverse moving out of the pandemic as these more diverse users mention having greater structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal constraints. Managers who seek social and environmental justice with the provisioning of outdoor recreation should follow-up with these more diverse users to better understand their satisfaction with the FS experience during the pandemic and identify strategies to help them negotiate constraints limiting their outdoor recreation.

Management implications

For public land managers, these findings suggest that increased visitation levels are here to stay. The results also suggest that the pandemic provided users with more diverse backgrounds the space and time to recreate during the pandemic. Unfortunately, it appears that the challenges of everyday life may limit this group from continuing to recreate at the level they did during the pandemic. Managers should take advantage of this opportunity to try to understand these more diverse users and why they anticipate their participation in outdoor recreation dropping as we move out of the pandemic.

流行还是文艺复兴?美国农业部林业局在疫情期间和之后的娱乐人员的动机和人口特征
尽管有大量研究调查了新冠肺炎疫情对户外娱乐的影响,但很少有研究调查了在此期间增加户外娱乐的游客的社会形态构成和动机,以及这些用户是否会在疫情消退时继续以相同的水平进行娱乐。这项研究调查了美国北卡罗来纳州南塔哈拉和皮斯加国家森林(NPNF)的游客,以确定户外娱乐参与度的增加是否仅仅是疫情的结果,或者更多地表明了复兴。还分析了那些在疫情期间娱乐活动减少、保持不变或增加的人之间的人口统计学和动机差异,以了解这些模式在疫情后一年是否保持稳定。来自佐治亚州(n=483)、南卡罗来纳州(n=682)和北卡罗来纳州(n=429)的1594名游客样本表明,NPNF的游客增长不仅是一种时尚,更像是一种复兴,预计疫情后游客数量将继续保持高水平。结果还显示,与白人、更富裕、受过高等教育的户外娱乐者相比,种族更多元、收入和教育水平更低的户外娱乐主义者在疫情期间对森林的访问量有所增加。然而,这些变化似乎扭转了摆脱疫情的趋势,因为这些更多元化的用户提到他们有更大的结构、人际和个人约束。通过提供户外娱乐寻求社会和环境正义的管理者应跟进这些更多元化的用户,以更好地了解他们对疫情期间FS体验的满意度,并确定策略,帮助他们协商限制户外娱乐的限制。管理含义对于公共土地管理者来说,这些发现表明,访问量的增加将持续下去。研究结果还表明,疫情为背景更加多样化的用户提供了在疫情期间重新创作的空间和时间。不幸的是,似乎日常生活的挑战可能会限制这一群体继续以疫情期间的水平进行重建。管理者应该利用这个机会,努力了解这些更加多样化的用户,以及为什么他们预计随着我们摆脱疫情,他们对户外娱乐的参与度会下降。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
5.30%
发文量
84
期刊介绍: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism offers a dedicated outlet for research relevant to social sciences and natural resources. The journal publishes peer reviewed original research on all aspects of outdoor recreation planning and management, covering the entire spectrum of settings from wilderness to urban outdoor recreation opportunities. It also focuses on new products and findings in nature based tourism and park management. JORT is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary journal, articles may focus on any aspect of theory, method, or concept of outdoor recreation research, planning or management, and interdisciplinary work is especially welcome, and may be of a theoretical and/or a case study nature. Depending on the topic of investigation, articles may be positioned within one academic discipline, or draw from several disciplines in an integrative manner, with overarching relevance to social sciences and natural resources. JORT is international in scope and attracts scholars from all reaches of the world to facilitate the exchange of ideas. As such, the journal enhances understanding of scientific knowledge, empirical results, and practitioners'' needs. Therefore in JORT each article is accompanied by an executive summary, written by the editors or authors, highlighting the planning and management relevant aspects of the article.
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