Biofilm reactors for the treatment of used water in space:potential, challenges, and future perspectives

IF 5.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Erika J. Espinosa-Ortiz , Robin Gerlach , Brent M. Peyton , Luke Roberson , Daniel H. Yeh
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Water is not only essential to sustain life on Earth, but also is a crucial resource for long-duration deep space exploration and habitation. Current systems in space rely on the resupply of water from Earth, however, as missions get longer and move farther away from Earth, resupply will no longer be a sustainable option. Thus, the development of regenerative reclamation water systems through which useable water can be recovered from “waste streams” (i.e., used waters) is sorely needed to further close the loop in space life support systems. This review presents the origin and characteristics of different used waters generated in space and discusses the intrinsic challenges of developing suitable technologies to treat such streams given the unique constrains of space exploration and habitation (e.g., different gravity conditions, size and weight limitations, compatibility with other systems, etc.). In this review, we discuss the potential use of biological systems, particularly biofilms, as possible alternatives or additions to current technologies for water reclamation and waste treatment in space. The fundamentals of biofilm reactors, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as different reactor configurations and their potential for use and challenges to be incorporated in self-sustaining and regenerative life support systems in long-duration space missions are also discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility to recover value-added products (e.g., biomass, nutrients, water) from used waters and the opportunity to recycle and reuse such products as resources in other life support subsystems (e.g., habitation, waste, air, etc.).

用于处理太空中用过的水的生物膜反应器:潜力、挑战和未来展望
水不仅对维持地球上的生命至关重要,而且是长期深空探索和居住的重要资源。目前的太空系统依赖于从地球补给水,然而,随着任务的时间越来越长,距离地球越来越远,补给将不再是一个可持续的选择。因此,迫切需要开发再生再生再生水系统,通过该系统可以从“废水流”(即用过的水)中回收可用的水,以进一步闭合空间生命支持系统的环路。这篇综述介绍了太空中产生的不同使用过的水的起源和特征,并讨论了在太空探索和居住的独特限制条件下(例如,不同的重力条件、大小和重量限制、与其他系统的兼容性等),开发合适的技术来处理这些溪流的内在挑战,我们讨论了生物系统的潜在用途,特别是生物膜,作为目前太空中水回收和废物处理技术的可能替代品或补充。还讨论了生物膜反应器的基本原理、它们的优点和缺点,以及不同的反应器配置及其在长期太空任务中用于自我维持和再生生命支持系统的潜力和挑战。此外,我们还讨论了从用过的水中回收增值产品(如生物质、营养物质、水)的可能性,以及将这些产品作为其他生命支持子系统(如居住、废物、空气等)中的资源进行回收和再利用的机会。
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来源期刊
Biofilm
Biofilm MICROBIOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
1.50%
发文量
30
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍:
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