A Bridge Blueprint to Span the Chasm Between Research and Engineering — A Framework for Systems Engineering in Early-Stage Research and Development

Abstract

Researchers and funding organizations often do not understand the value of systems engineering in early-stage projects (technology readiness levels TRL 1-5), during which systems engineering may be viewed as an unnecessary cost, and as a process heavy effort applicable only for mature technologies. This may result in a relative lack of engineering rigor and lack of understanding of innovation context which often contributes to failures in the “valley of death” between fundamental research and applied development.

We argue there is more than one pathway for crossing the valley of death, and that relevant application of systems engineering implemented at an appropriate level of rigor provides a foundation for transition and use of technical innovation. This article discusses the principles and foundational elements necessary for development and use of a framework for systems engineering applicable in early-stage research and development (ESR&D), including tailoring considerations associated with TRL and stakeholder roles. Associated framework metrics are suggested to enable evaluation and practical implementation of the framework for systems engineering innovation management at this phase of technology development.