Unicorn “holotype” skeleton from the Late Pleistocene spotted hyena den site Sewecken-Berge (Germany)

IF 1.1 4区生物学 Q4 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Acta Zoologica Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI:10.1111/azo.12392

Cajus G. Diedrich

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Abstract

Late Pleistocene Ice Age spotted hyena remains are described from the “Unicorn holotype skeleton” gypsum karst site Quedlinburg-Sewecken-Berge, Germany (Central Europe). The hyena population consists of adolescent to late adult individuals (96% of hyena NISP; 15% of megafauna NISP) indicating a commuting den site type. The comparisons to other European bone assemblages support hunting specialization on woolly rhinoceros (19% of NISP) and horses (27% of NISP). Specialization on bovids (Bison/Bos) can be added for this site. The megafauna contain few Eemian warm period remains of a large horse Equus ferus fossilis. Most (95%) of the megafauna is attributed to the Late Pleistocene glacial (Weichselian/Wuermian). Horse bones are dominated by distal leg elements from the smaller Przewalski horses Equus ferus przewalskii (26% of NISP). The Unicorn “holotype” skeleton originates from a composed horse skull, vertebrae and front legs, whereas the elephant remains added to this biologically not valid species must have been a straight-tusked elephant tusk.

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Sewecken-Berge（德国）晚更新世斑点鬣狗巢穴的独角兽“正模”骨骼

晚更新世冰河时期斑点鬣狗遗骸来自德国（中欧）Quedlinburg Sewecken Berge的“独角兽正模骨骼”石膏岩溶遗址。鬣狗种群由青少年到成年晚期个体组成（96%的鬣狗NISP；15%的巨型动物NISP），表明其为通勤巢穴类型。与其他欧洲骨骼组合的比较支持毛犀（占NISP的19%）和马（占NITP的27%）的狩猎专业化。可以为这个网站添加专门的牛（野牛/公牛）。巨型动物群中几乎没有大型马Equus ferus化石的Eemian温暖时期遗迹。大多数（95%）巨型动物群属于晚更新世冰川期（Weichselian/Wuermian）。马的骨骼主要由较小的普氏马Equus ferus przewalskii（占NISP的26%）的远端腿元素组成。独角兽的“正模”骨骼来源于一个合成的马头骨、脊椎骨和前腿，而添加到这个生物学上无效的物种中的大象遗骸一定是一根直牙象牙。

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来源期刊

Acta Zoologica 生物-动物学

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

8.30%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Published regularly since 1920, Acta Zoologica has retained its position as one of the world''s leading journals in the field of animal organization, development, structure and function. Each issue publishes original research of interest to zoologists and physiologists worldwide, in the field of animal structure (from the cellular to the organismic level) and development with emphasis on functional, comparative and phylogenetic aspects. Occasional review articles are also published, as well as book reviews.