Another Form of Aboriginal Exemption — Employment as Protection Against Removal

IF 0.6 4区 社会学 Q1 HISTORY
Christina Elizabeth Lawrence
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Abstract

The Queensland Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897, which introduced the system of exemption certificates, also initiated another form of “exemption” — one based on employment. The Act permitted “lawfully employed” Aboriginal people to be “excepted” from forcible removal to reserves. Those placed on an Aboriginal reserve faced a restrictive life of disconnection from Country, kin networks, and traditional practices and way of life. Many Aboriginal people found employment in the pastoral industry and thus avoided the Act's provision of removal to a reserve. This paper interrogates government records and reports to provide an understanding of the development and implementation of this legislation and the racial ideologies underpinning it. The 1898 diary of a Queensland pastoralist who employed Aboriginal men on his station is also examined to obtain an understanding of the roles, experiences, and position of Aboriginal people in the pastoral industry during this period. These findings reveal that despite hardships faced in the pastoral industry, Aboriginal people found advantages in this form of employment. Through their highly sought-after pastoral skills and expertise, and strategic engagement with Europeans, Aboriginal people excelled in the pastoral industry, and many achieved significant levels of freedom and success.

原住民豁免的另一种形式——就业作为防止迁移的保护
1897年《昆士兰原住民保护和限制鸦片销售法》引入了豁免证书制度,也开创了另一种形式的“豁免”——基于就业的豁免。该法案允许“合法就业”的原住民被“排除”在被强制迁移到保护区之外。那些被安置在原住民保护区的人面临着与国家、亲属网络、传统习俗和生活方式脱节的限制性生活。许多土著人在畜牧业找到了工作,因此避免了该法关于迁移到保护区的规定。本文询问了政府的记录和报告,以了解这项立法的制定和实施情况以及支撑这项法律的种族意识形态。还对一位昆士兰牧民1898年的日记进行了审查,他在自己的驻地雇佣了原住民,以及这一时期原住民在畜牧业中的地位。这些发现表明,尽管畜牧业面临困难,但原住民在这种就业形式中找到了优势。通过他们备受追捧的牧业技能和专业知识,以及与欧洲人的战略接触,原住民在牧业中表现出色,许多人获得了极大的自由和成功。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: The Australian Journal of Politics and History presents papers addressing significant problems of general interest to those working in the fields of history, political studies and international affairs. Articles explore the politics and history of Australia and modern Europe, intellectual history, political history, and the history of political thought. The journal also publishes articles in the fields of international politics, Australian foreign policy, and Australia relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
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