Echo grid integration: A novel method for preprocessing multibeam water column data to quantify underwater gas bubble emissions

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 LIMNOLOGY
Peter Urban, Mario E. Veloso-Alarcón, Jens Greinert
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Water column imaging multibeam echo sounder systems (MBESs) are a promising technology for quantitative estimates of the gas bubble volume flow within large gas seepage areas. Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward applicable calibration methods for MBESs as well as developing inversion models to convert acoustically measured backscattering cross sections to gas bubble volume flow. However, MBESs are still not commonly used for quantitative gas flow assessments. A reason for this is the absence of published processing methods that demonstrate how MBES data can be processed to quantitatively represent bubble streams. Here, we present a novel method (echo grid integration) that allows for assessing the aggregated backscattering cross section of targets within horizontal water layers. This derived value enables quantifying bubble stream gas flow rates using existing acoustic inversion methods. The presented method is based on averaging geo‐referenced volume backscattering coefficients onto a high‐resolution 3D voxel‐grid. The results are multiplied with the voxel volume to represent measurements of the total backscattering cross‐section within each voxel cell. Individual gridded values cannot be trusted because the beam pattern effects cause the values of individual targets to “smear” over multiple grid‐cells. The true aggregated backscattering cross‐section is thus estimated as the integral over the grid‐cells affected by this smearing. Numerical simulation of MBES data acquisition over known targets assesses the method's validity and quantify it's uncertainty for different, realistic scenarios. The found low measurement bias (< 1%), and dispersion (< 5%) are promising for application in gas flow quantification methods.

Abstract Image

回声网格集成:一种用于预处理多波束水柱数据以量化水下气泡排放的新方法
水柱成像多波束回声测深系统(MBES)是一种很有前途的技术,用于定量估计大面积气体渗流区内的气泡体积流量。近年来,在MBES的适用校准方法以及开发反演模型以将声学测量的反向散射截面转换为气泡体积流量方面取得了相当大的进展。然而,MBES仍然不常用于定量气流评估。其中一个原因是缺乏公开的处理方法来证明如何处理MBES数据来定量表示气泡流。在这里,我们提出了一种新的方法(回波网格积分),可以评估水平水层内目标的聚集后向散射截面。该导出值能够使用现有的声学反演方法量化气泡流气体流速。所提出的方法基于将地理参考体积反向散射系数平均到高分辨率三维体素网格上。将结果与体素体积相乘,以表示每个体素单元内的总反向散射截面的测量值。单个网格值是不可信的,因为波束图案效应会导致单个目标的值在多个网格单元上“涂抹”。因此,真实的聚集后向散射截面被估计为受这种涂抹影响的网格单元上的积分。对已知目标上MBES数据采集的数值模拟评估了该方法的有效性,并量化了其在不同现实场景下的不确定性。发现的低测量偏差(<; 1%)和分散体(<; 5%)在气流定量方法中的应用是有前景的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
3.70%
发文量
56
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods (ISSN 1541-5856) is a companion to ASLO''s top-rated journal Limnology and Oceanography, and articles are held to the same high standards. In order to provide the most rapid publication consistent with high standards, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods appears in electronic format only, and the entire submission and review system is online. Articles are posted as soon as they are accepted and formatted for publication. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods will consider manuscripts whose primary focus is methodological, and that deal with problems in the aquatic sciences. Manuscripts may present new measurement equipment, techniques for analyzing observations or samples, methods for understanding and interpreting information, analyses of metadata to examine the effectiveness of approaches, invited and contributed reviews and syntheses, and techniques for communicating and teaching in the aquatic sciences.
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