Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

IF 26.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS
B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, S. Appert, K. Arai, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Ast, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, S. Atsuta, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, A. Avila-Alvarez, K. Awai, S. Babak, P. Bacon, M. K. M. Bader, L. Baiotti, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, J. C. Barayoga, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, C. Baune, V. Bavigadda, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, C. Beer, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, M. Belgin, A. S. Bell, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, S. Bhagwat, R. Bhandare, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, C. R. Billman, J. Birch, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, C. Biwer, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, J. Blackman, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, S. Bloemen, O. Bock, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, A. Bohe, F. Bondu, R. Bonnand, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, T. Briant, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, P. Brockill, J. E. Broida, A. F. Brooks, D. A. Brown, D. D. Brown, N. M. Brown, S. Brunett, C. C. Buchanan, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, E. Capocasa, F. Carbognani, S. Caride, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, C. B. Cepeda, L. Cerboni Baiardi, G. Cerretani, E. Cesarini, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chassande-Mottin, B. D. Cheeseboro, H. Y. Chen, Y. Chen, H.-P. Cheng, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, T. Chmiel, H. S. Cho, M. Cho, J. H. Chow, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, A. J. K. Chua, S. Chua, S. Chung, G. Ciani, F. Clara, J. A. Clark, F. Cleva, C. Cocchieri, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, A. Colla, C. G. Collette, L. Cominsky, M. Constancio Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, T. R. Corbitt, N. Cornish, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, P. B. Covas, E. E. Cowan, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, J. Cripe, S. G. Crowder, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, T. Dal Canton, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, A. Dasgupta, C. F. Da Silva Costa, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, D. Davis, E. J. Daw, B. Day, R. Day, S. De, D. DeBra, G. Debreczeni, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, W. Del Pozzo, T. Denker, T. Dent, V. Dergachev, R. De Rosa, R. T. DeRosa, R. DeSalvo, R. C. Devine, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, L. Di Fiore, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, A. Di Virgilio, Z. Doctor, K. Doi, V. Dolique, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, R. Douglas, M. Dovale Álvarez, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. C. Driggers, Z. Du, M. Ducrot, S. E. Dwyer, K. Eda, T. B. Edo, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, H.-B. Eggenstein, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, R. A. Eisenstein, R. C. Essick, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, R. Everett, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Favata, M. Fays, H. Fehrmann, M. M. Fejer, A. Fernández Galiana, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, R. P. Fisher, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, H. Fong, S. S. Forsyth, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, E. M. Fries, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, Y. Fujii, M.-K. Fujimoto, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, S. M. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, S. G. Gaonkar, F. Garufi, G. Gaur, V. Gayathri, N. Gehrels, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, J. George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, K. Gill, A. Glaefke, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, L. Gondan, G. González, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, A. Gopakumar, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, G. M. Guidi, X. Guo, A. Gupta, M. K. Gupta, K. E. Gushwa, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, J. J. Hacker, A. Hagiwara, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hall, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, M. J. Hart, M. T. Hartman, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, K. Hayama, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, J. Henry, A. W. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, S. Hild, E. Hirose, D. Hoak, D. Hofman, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, J. Hough, E. A. Houston, E. J. Howell, Y. M. Hu, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh-Dinh, N. Indik, D. R. Ingram, R. Inta, K. Ioka, H. N. Isa, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, T. Isogai, Y. Itoh, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin, K. Jani, P. Jaranowski, S. Jawahar, F. Jiménez-Forteza, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, J. Junker, T. Kagawa, T. Kajita, M. Kakizaki, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, M. Kamiizumi, N. Kanda, S. Kandhasamy, S. Kanemura, M. Kaneyama, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. Karki, K. S. Karvinen, M. Kasprzack, Y. Kataoka, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, N. Kawai, S. Kawamura, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, D. B. Kelley, R. Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, I. Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Kijbunchoo, C. Kim, H. Kim, J. C. Kim, J. Kim, W. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, S. J. Kimbrell, N. Kimura, E. J. King, P. J. King, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, B. Klein, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, P. Koch, S. M. Koehlenbeck, Y. Kojima, K. Kokeyama, S. Koley, K. Komori, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, K. Kotake, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, C. Krämer, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, P. Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, L. Kuo, K. Kuroda, A. Kutynia, Y. Kuwahara, B. D. Lackey, M. Landry, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, R. K. Lanza, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, E. O. Lebigot, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, K. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lenon, M. Leonardi, J. R. Leong, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, T. G. F. Li, A. Libson, T. B. Littenberg, J. Liu, N. A. Lockerbie, A. L. Lombardi, L. T. London, J. E. Lord, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, H. Lück, A. P. Lundgren, R. Lynch, Y. Ma, S. Macfoy, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, F. Magaña-Sandoval, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, V. Malvezzi, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, S. Mano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, M. Marchio, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, A. S. Markosyan, E. Maros, F. Martelli, L. Martellini, I. W. Martin, D. V. Martynov, K. Mason, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Matsumoto, F. Matsushima, N. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, C. McGrath, S. C. McGuire, G. McIntyre, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, J. Meidam, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, D. Mendoza-Gandara, R. A. Mercer, E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, R. Metzdorff, P. M. Meyers, F. Mezzani, H. Miao, C. Michel, Y. Michimura, H. Middleton, E. E. Mikhailov, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, B. B. Miller, J. Miller, M. Millhouse, Y. Minenkov, J. Ming, S. Mirshekari, C. Mishra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, A. Miyamoto, T. Miyamoto, S. Miyoki, A. Moggi, M. Mohan, S. R. P. Mohapatra, M. Montani, B. C. Moore, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, W. Morii, S. Morisaki, Y. Moriwaki, S. R. Morriss, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, G. Mueller, A. W. Muir, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. M. Muniz, P. G. Murray, A. Mytidis, S. Nagano, K. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, H. Nakano, Masaya Nakano, Masayuki Nakano, K. Nakao, K. Napier, I. Nardecchia, T. Narikawa, L. Naticchioni, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Neri, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, J. M. Newport, G. Newton, T. T. Nguyen, W.-T. Ni, A. B. Nielsen, S. Nissanke, A. Nitz, A. Noack, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, M. E. N. Normandin, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, E. Ochsner, E. Oelker, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, M. Ohashi, N. Ohishi, M. Ohkawa, F. Ohme, K. Okutomi, M. Oliver, K. Ono, Y. Ono, K. Oohara, P. Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. E. Pace, J. Page, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, A. Pal-Singh, H. Pan, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, M. A. Papa, H. R. Paris, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, B. Patricelli, B. L. Pearlstone, M. Pedraza, R. Pedurand, L. Pekowsky, A. Pele, F. E. Peña Arellano, S. Penn, C. J. Perez, A. Perreca, L. M. Perri, H. P. Pfeiffer, M. Phelps, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, M. Poe, R. Poggiani, P. Popolizio, A. Post, J. Powell, J. Prasad, J. W. W. Pratt, V. Predoi, T. Prestegard, M. Prijatelj, M. Principe, S. Privitera, G. A. Prodi, L. G. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, J. Qin, S. Qiu, V. Quetschke, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, S. Raja, C. Rajan, M. Rakhmanov, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, V. Re, J. Read, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, H. Rew, S. D. Reyes, E. Rhoades, F. Ricci, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, V. J. Roma, R. Romano, J. H. Romie, D. Rosińska, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, L. Sadeghian, N. Sago, M. Saijo, Y. Saito, K. Sakai, M. Sakellariadou, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, L. Sammut, L. M. Sampson, E. J. Sanchez, V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders, Y. Sasaki, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, T. Sato, P. R. Saulson, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, A. Sawadsky, P. Schale, J. Scheuer, E. Schmidt, J. Schmidt, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, D. Schuette, B. F. Schutz, S. G. Schwalbe, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, D. A. Shaddock, T. J. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, A. Sheperd, M. Shibata, Y. Shikano, T. Shimoda, A. Shoda, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, K. Siellez, X. Siemens, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, A. D. Silva, A. Singer, L. P. Singer, A. Singh, R. Singh, A. Singhal, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, B. Smith, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, F. Sorrentino, T. Souradeep, A. P. Spencer, A. K. Srivastava, A. Staley, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, B. C. Stephens, S. P. Stevenson, R. Stone, K. A. Strain, N. Straniero, G. Stratta, S. E. Strigin, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, Y. Sugimoto, T. Z. Summerscales, L. Sun, S. Sunil, P. J. Sutton, T. Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. Takada, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, D. Talukder, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, D. B. Tanner, M. Tápai, A. Taracchini, D. Tatsumi, R. Taylor, S. Telada, T. Theeg, E. G. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, T. Tippens, S. Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. V. Tokmakov, K. Toland, T. Tomaru, C. Tomlinson, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, C. I. Torrie, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, D. Trifirò, J. Trinastic, M. C. Tringali, L. Trozzo, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, T. Tsuzuki, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, T. Uchiyama, T. Uehara, S. Ueki, K. Ueno, D. Ugolini, C. S. Unnikrishnan, A. L. Urban, T. Ushiba, S. A. Usman, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, M. H. P. M. van Putten, A. A. van Veggel, M. Vardaro, V. Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. D. Viets, S. Vinciguerra, D. J. Vine, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, D. V. Voss, W. D. Vousden, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, T. Wakamatsu, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, G. Wang, H. Wang, M. Wang, Y. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, L. Wen, P. Weßels, T. Westphal, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Williams, R. D. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M. H. Wimmer, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. Worden, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, G. Wu, W. Yam, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, K. Yano, M. J. Yap, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, T. H. Yoon, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, L. Zangrando, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, S. J. Zhu, X. J. Zhu, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration
{"title":"Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA","authors":"B. P. Abbott,&nbsp;R. Abbott,&nbsp;T. D. Abbott,&nbsp;M. R. Abernathy,&nbsp;F. Acernese,&nbsp;K. Ackley,&nbsp;C. Adams,&nbsp;T. Adams,&nbsp;P. Addesso,&nbsp;R. X. Adhikari,&nbsp;V. B. Adya,&nbsp;C. Affeldt,&nbsp;M. Agathos,&nbsp;K. Agatsuma,&nbsp;N. Aggarwal,&nbsp;O. D. Aguiar,&nbsp;L. Aiello,&nbsp;A. Ain,&nbsp;P. Ajith,&nbsp;T. Akutsu,&nbsp;B. Allen,&nbsp;A. Allocca,&nbsp;P. A. Altin,&nbsp;A. Ananyeva,&nbsp;S. B. Anderson,&nbsp;W. G. Anderson,&nbsp;M. Ando,&nbsp;S. Appert,&nbsp;K. Arai,&nbsp;A. Araya,&nbsp;M. C. Araya,&nbsp;J. S. Areeda,&nbsp;N. Arnaud,&nbsp;K. G. Arun,&nbsp;H. Asada,&nbsp;S. Ascenzi,&nbsp;G. Ashton,&nbsp;Y. Aso,&nbsp;M. Ast,&nbsp;S. M. Aston,&nbsp;P. Astone,&nbsp;S. Atsuta,&nbsp;P. Aufmuth,&nbsp;C. Aulbert,&nbsp;A. Avila-Alvarez,&nbsp;K. Awai,&nbsp;S. Babak,&nbsp;P. Bacon,&nbsp;M. K. M. Bader,&nbsp;L. Baiotti,&nbsp;P. T. Baker,&nbsp;F. Baldaccini,&nbsp;G. Ballardin,&nbsp;S. W. Ballmer,&nbsp;J. C. Barayoga,&nbsp;S. E. Barclay,&nbsp;B. C. Barish,&nbsp;D. Barker,&nbsp;F. Barone,&nbsp;B. Barr,&nbsp;L. Barsotti,&nbsp;M. Barsuglia,&nbsp;D. Barta,&nbsp;J. Bartlett,&nbsp;M. A. Barton,&nbsp;I. Bartos,&nbsp;R. Bassiri,&nbsp;A. Basti,&nbsp;J. C. Batch,&nbsp;C. Baune,&nbsp;V. Bavigadda,&nbsp;M. Bazzan,&nbsp;B. Bécsy,&nbsp;C. Beer,&nbsp;M. Bejger,&nbsp;I. Belahcene,&nbsp;M. Belgin,&nbsp;A. S. Bell,&nbsp;B. K. Berger,&nbsp;G. Bergmann,&nbsp;C. P. L. Berry,&nbsp;D. Bersanetti,&nbsp;A. Bertolini,&nbsp;J. Betzwieser,&nbsp;S. Bhagwat,&nbsp;R. Bhandare,&nbsp;I. A. Bilenko,&nbsp;G. Billingsley,&nbsp;C. R. Billman,&nbsp;J. Birch,&nbsp;R. Birney,&nbsp;O. Birnholtz,&nbsp;S. Biscans,&nbsp;A. Bisht,&nbsp;M. Bitossi,&nbsp;C. Biwer,&nbsp;M. A. Bizouard,&nbsp;J. K. Blackburn,&nbsp;J. Blackman,&nbsp;C. D. Blair,&nbsp;D. G. Blair,&nbsp;R. M. Blair,&nbsp;S. Bloemen,&nbsp;O. Bock,&nbsp;M. Boer,&nbsp;G. Bogaert,&nbsp;A. Bohe,&nbsp;F. Bondu,&nbsp;R. Bonnand,&nbsp;B. A. Boom,&nbsp;R. Bork,&nbsp;V. Boschi,&nbsp;S. Bose,&nbsp;Y. Bouffanais,&nbsp;A. Bozzi,&nbsp;C. Bradaschia,&nbsp;P. R. Brady,&nbsp;V. B. Braginsky,&nbsp;M. Branchesi,&nbsp;J. E. Brau,&nbsp;T. Briant,&nbsp;A. Brillet,&nbsp;M. Brinkmann,&nbsp;V. Brisson,&nbsp;P. Brockill,&nbsp;J. E. Broida,&nbsp;A. F. Brooks,&nbsp;D. A. Brown,&nbsp;D. D. Brown,&nbsp;N. M. Brown,&nbsp;S. Brunett,&nbsp;C. C. Buchanan,&nbsp;A. Buikema,&nbsp;T. Bulik,&nbsp;H. J. Bulten,&nbsp;A. Buonanno,&nbsp;D. Buskulic,&nbsp;C. Buy,&nbsp;R. L. Byer,&nbsp;M. Cabero,&nbsp;L. Cadonati,&nbsp;G. Cagnoli,&nbsp;C. Cahillane,&nbsp;J. Calderón Bustillo,&nbsp;T. A. Callister,&nbsp;E. Calloni,&nbsp;J. B. Camp,&nbsp;K. C. Cannon,&nbsp;H. Cao,&nbsp;J. Cao,&nbsp;C. D. Capano,&nbsp;E. Capocasa,&nbsp;F. Carbognani,&nbsp;S. Caride,&nbsp;J. Casanueva Diaz,&nbsp;C. Casentini,&nbsp;S. Caudill,&nbsp;M. Cavaglià,&nbsp;F. Cavalier,&nbsp;R. Cavalieri,&nbsp;G. Cella,&nbsp;C. B. Cepeda,&nbsp;L. Cerboni Baiardi,&nbsp;G. Cerretani,&nbsp;E. Cesarini,&nbsp;S. J. Chamberlin,&nbsp;M. Chan,&nbsp;S. Chao,&nbsp;P. Charlton,&nbsp;E. Chassande-Mottin,&nbsp;B. D. Cheeseboro,&nbsp;H. Y. Chen,&nbsp;Y. Chen,&nbsp;H.-P. Cheng,&nbsp;A. Chincarini,&nbsp;A. Chiummo,&nbsp;T. Chmiel,&nbsp;H. S. Cho,&nbsp;M. Cho,&nbsp;J. H. Chow,&nbsp;N. Christensen,&nbsp;Q. Chu,&nbsp;A. J. K. Chua,&nbsp;S. Chua,&nbsp;S. Chung,&nbsp;G. Ciani,&nbsp;F. Clara,&nbsp;J. A. Clark,&nbsp;F. Cleva,&nbsp;C. Cocchieri,&nbsp;E. Coccia,&nbsp;P.-F. Cohadon,&nbsp;A. Colla,&nbsp;C. G. Collette,&nbsp;L. Cominsky,&nbsp;M. Constancio Jr.,&nbsp;L. Conti,&nbsp;S. J. Cooper,&nbsp;T. R. Corbitt,&nbsp;N. Cornish,&nbsp;A. Corsi,&nbsp;S. Cortese,&nbsp;C. A. Costa,&nbsp;M. W. Coughlin,&nbsp;S. B. Coughlin,&nbsp;J.-P. Coulon,&nbsp;S. T. Countryman,&nbsp;P. Couvares,&nbsp;P. B. Covas,&nbsp;E. E. Cowan,&nbsp;D. M. Coward,&nbsp;M. J. Cowart,&nbsp;D. C. Coyne,&nbsp;R. Coyne,&nbsp;J. D. E. Creighton,&nbsp;T. D. Creighton,&nbsp;J. Cripe,&nbsp;S. G. Crowder,&nbsp;T. J. Cullen,&nbsp;A. Cumming,&nbsp;L. Cunningham,&nbsp;E. Cuoco,&nbsp;T. Dal Canton,&nbsp;S. L. Danilishin,&nbsp;S. D’Antonio,&nbsp;K. Danzmann,&nbsp;A. Dasgupta,&nbsp;C. F. Da Silva Costa,&nbsp;V. Dattilo,&nbsp;I. Dave,&nbsp;M. Davier,&nbsp;G. S. Davies,&nbsp;D. Davis,&nbsp;E. J. Daw,&nbsp;B. Day,&nbsp;R. Day,&nbsp;S. De,&nbsp;D. DeBra,&nbsp;G. Debreczeni,&nbsp;J. Degallaix,&nbsp;M. De Laurentis,&nbsp;S. Deléglise,&nbsp;W. Del Pozzo,&nbsp;T. Denker,&nbsp;T. Dent,&nbsp;V. Dergachev,&nbsp;R. De Rosa,&nbsp;R. T. DeRosa,&nbsp;R. DeSalvo,&nbsp;R. C. Devine,&nbsp;S. Dhurandhar,&nbsp;M. C. Díaz,&nbsp;L. Di Fiore,&nbsp;M. Di Giovanni,&nbsp;T. Di Girolamo,&nbsp;A. Di Lieto,&nbsp;S. Di Pace,&nbsp;I. Di Palma,&nbsp;A. Di Virgilio,&nbsp;Z. Doctor,&nbsp;K. Doi,&nbsp;V. Dolique,&nbsp;F. Donovan,&nbsp;K. L. Dooley,&nbsp;S. Doravari,&nbsp;I. Dorrington,&nbsp;R. Douglas,&nbsp;M. Dovale Álvarez,&nbsp;T. P. Downes,&nbsp;M. Drago,&nbsp;R. W. P. Drever,&nbsp;J. C. Driggers,&nbsp;Z. Du,&nbsp;M. Ducrot,&nbsp;S. E. Dwyer,&nbsp;K. Eda,&nbsp;T. B. Edo,&nbsp;M. C. Edwards,&nbsp;A. Effler,&nbsp;H.-B. Eggenstein,&nbsp;P. Ehrens,&nbsp;J. Eichholz,&nbsp;S. S. Eikenberry,&nbsp;R. A. Eisenstein,&nbsp;R. C. Essick,&nbsp;Z. Etienne,&nbsp;T. Etzel,&nbsp;M. Evans,&nbsp;T. M. Evans,&nbsp;R. Everett,&nbsp;M. Factourovich,&nbsp;V. Fafone,&nbsp;H. Fair,&nbsp;S. Fairhurst,&nbsp;X. Fan,&nbsp;S. Farinon,&nbsp;B. Farr,&nbsp;W. M. Farr,&nbsp;E. J. Fauchon-Jones,&nbsp;M. Favata,&nbsp;M. Fays,&nbsp;H. Fehrmann,&nbsp;M. M. Fejer,&nbsp;A. Fernández Galiana,&nbsp;I. Ferrante,&nbsp;E. C. Ferreira,&nbsp;F. Ferrini,&nbsp;F. Fidecaro,&nbsp;I. Fiori,&nbsp;D. Fiorucci,&nbsp;R. P. Fisher,&nbsp;R. Flaminio,&nbsp;M. Fletcher,&nbsp;H. Fong,&nbsp;S. S. Forsyth,&nbsp;J.-D. Fournier,&nbsp;S. Frasca,&nbsp;F. Frasconi,&nbsp;Z. Frei,&nbsp;A. Freise,&nbsp;R. Frey,&nbsp;V. Frey,&nbsp;E. M. Fries,&nbsp;P. Fritschel,&nbsp;V. V. Frolov,&nbsp;Y. Fujii,&nbsp;M.-K. Fujimoto,&nbsp;P. Fulda,&nbsp;M. Fyffe,&nbsp;H. Gabbard,&nbsp;B. U. Gadre,&nbsp;S. M. Gaebel,&nbsp;J. R. Gair,&nbsp;L. Gammaitoni,&nbsp;S. G. Gaonkar,&nbsp;F. Garufi,&nbsp;G. Gaur,&nbsp;V. Gayathri,&nbsp;N. Gehrels,&nbsp;G. Gemme,&nbsp;E. Genin,&nbsp;A. Gennai,&nbsp;J. George,&nbsp;L. Gergely,&nbsp;V. Germain,&nbsp;S. Ghonge,&nbsp;Abhirup Ghosh,&nbsp;Archisman Ghosh,&nbsp;S. Ghosh,&nbsp;J. A. Giaime,&nbsp;K. D. Giardina,&nbsp;A. Giazotto,&nbsp;K. Gill,&nbsp;A. Glaefke,&nbsp;E. Goetz,&nbsp;R. Goetz,&nbsp;L. Gondan,&nbsp;G. González,&nbsp;J. M. Gonzalez Castro,&nbsp;A. Gopakumar,&nbsp;M. L. Gorodetsky,&nbsp;S. E. Gossan,&nbsp;M. Gosselin,&nbsp;R. Gouaty,&nbsp;A. Grado,&nbsp;C. Graef,&nbsp;M. Granata,&nbsp;A. Grant,&nbsp;S. Gras,&nbsp;C. Gray,&nbsp;G. Greco,&nbsp;A. C. Green,&nbsp;P. Groot,&nbsp;H. Grote,&nbsp;S. Grunewald,&nbsp;G. M. Guidi,&nbsp;X. Guo,&nbsp;A. Gupta,&nbsp;M. K. Gupta,&nbsp;K. E. Gushwa,&nbsp;E. K. Gustafson,&nbsp;R. Gustafson,&nbsp;J. J. Hacker,&nbsp;A. Hagiwara,&nbsp;B. R. Hall,&nbsp;E. D. Hall,&nbsp;G. Hammond,&nbsp;M. Haney,&nbsp;M. M. Hanke,&nbsp;J. Hanks,&nbsp;C. Hanna,&nbsp;M. D. Hannam,&nbsp;J. Hanson,&nbsp;T. Hardwick,&nbsp;J. Harms,&nbsp;G. M. Harry,&nbsp;I. W. Harry,&nbsp;M. J. Hart,&nbsp;M. T. Hartman,&nbsp;C.-J. Haster,&nbsp;K. Haughian,&nbsp;K. Hayama,&nbsp;J. Healy,&nbsp;A. Heidmann,&nbsp;M. C. Heintze,&nbsp;H. Heitmann,&nbsp;P. Hello,&nbsp;G. Hemming,&nbsp;M. Hendry,&nbsp;I. S. Heng,&nbsp;J. Hennig,&nbsp;J. Henry,&nbsp;A. W. Heptonstall,&nbsp;M. Heurs,&nbsp;S. Hild,&nbsp;E. Hirose,&nbsp;D. Hoak,&nbsp;D. Hofman,&nbsp;K. Holt,&nbsp;D. E. Holz,&nbsp;P. Hopkins,&nbsp;J. Hough,&nbsp;E. A. Houston,&nbsp;E. J. Howell,&nbsp;Y. M. Hu,&nbsp;E. A. Huerta,&nbsp;D. Huet,&nbsp;B. Hughey,&nbsp;S. Husa,&nbsp;S. H. Huttner,&nbsp;T. Huynh-Dinh,&nbsp;N. Indik,&nbsp;D. R. Ingram,&nbsp;R. Inta,&nbsp;K. Ioka,&nbsp;H. N. Isa,&nbsp;J.-M. Isac,&nbsp;M. Isi,&nbsp;T. Isogai,&nbsp;Y. Itoh,&nbsp;B. R. Iyer,&nbsp;K. Izumi,&nbsp;T. Jacqmin,&nbsp;K. Jani,&nbsp;P. Jaranowski,&nbsp;S. Jawahar,&nbsp;F. Jiménez-Forteza,&nbsp;W. W. Johnson,&nbsp;D. I. Jones,&nbsp;R. Jones,&nbsp;R. J. G. Jonker,&nbsp;L. Ju,&nbsp;J. Junker,&nbsp;T. Kagawa,&nbsp;T. Kajita,&nbsp;M. Kakizaki,&nbsp;C. V. Kalaghatgi,&nbsp;V. Kalogera,&nbsp;M. Kamiizumi,&nbsp;N. Kanda,&nbsp;S. Kandhasamy,&nbsp;S. Kanemura,&nbsp;M. Kaneyama,&nbsp;G. Kang,&nbsp;J. B. Kanner,&nbsp;S. Karki,&nbsp;K. S. Karvinen,&nbsp;M. Kasprzack,&nbsp;Y. Kataoka,&nbsp;E. Katsavounidis,&nbsp;W. Katzman,&nbsp;S. Kaufer,&nbsp;T. Kaur,&nbsp;K. Kawabe,&nbsp;N. Kawai,&nbsp;S. Kawamura,&nbsp;F. Kéfélian,&nbsp;D. Keitel,&nbsp;D. B. Kelley,&nbsp;R. Kennedy,&nbsp;J. S. Key,&nbsp;F. Y. Khalili,&nbsp;I. Khan,&nbsp;S. Khan,&nbsp;Z. Khan,&nbsp;E. A. Khazanov,&nbsp;N. Kijbunchoo,&nbsp;C. Kim,&nbsp;H. Kim,&nbsp;J. C. Kim,&nbsp;J. Kim,&nbsp;W. Kim,&nbsp;Y.-M. Kim,&nbsp;S. J. Kimbrell,&nbsp;N. Kimura,&nbsp;E. J. King,&nbsp;P. J. King,&nbsp;R. Kirchhoff,&nbsp;J. S. Kissel,&nbsp;B. Klein,&nbsp;L. Kleybolte,&nbsp;S. Klimenko,&nbsp;P. Koch,&nbsp;S. M. Koehlenbeck,&nbsp;Y. Kojima,&nbsp;K. Kokeyama,&nbsp;S. Koley,&nbsp;K. Komori,&nbsp;V. Kondrashov,&nbsp;A. Kontos,&nbsp;M. Korobko,&nbsp;W. Z. Korth,&nbsp;K. Kotake,&nbsp;I. Kowalska,&nbsp;D. B. Kozak,&nbsp;C. Krämer,&nbsp;V. Kringel,&nbsp;B. Krishnan,&nbsp;A. Królak,&nbsp;G. Kuehn,&nbsp;P. Kumar,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;L. Kuo,&nbsp;K. Kuroda,&nbsp;A. Kutynia,&nbsp;Y. Kuwahara,&nbsp;B. D. Lackey,&nbsp;M. Landry,&nbsp;R. N. Lang,&nbsp;J. Lange,&nbsp;B. Lantz,&nbsp;R. K. Lanza,&nbsp;A. Lartaux-Vollard,&nbsp;P. D. Lasky,&nbsp;M. Laxen,&nbsp;A. Lazzarini,&nbsp;C. Lazzaro,&nbsp;P. Leaci,&nbsp;S. Leavey,&nbsp;E. O. Lebigot,&nbsp;C. H. Lee,&nbsp;H. K. Lee,&nbsp;H. M. Lee,&nbsp;H. W. Lee,&nbsp;K. Lee,&nbsp;J. Lehmann,&nbsp;A. Lenon,&nbsp;M. Leonardi,&nbsp;J. R. Leong,&nbsp;N. Leroy,&nbsp;N. Letendre,&nbsp;Y. Levin,&nbsp;T. G. F. Li,&nbsp;A. Libson,&nbsp;T. B. Littenberg,&nbsp;J. Liu,&nbsp;N. A. Lockerbie,&nbsp;A. L. Lombardi,&nbsp;L. T. London,&nbsp;J. E. Lord,&nbsp;M. Lorenzini,&nbsp;V. Loriette,&nbsp;M. Lormand,&nbsp;G. Losurdo,&nbsp;J. D. Lough,&nbsp;C. O. Lousto,&nbsp;G. Lovelace,&nbsp;H. Lück,&nbsp;A. P. Lundgren,&nbsp;R. Lynch,&nbsp;Y. Ma,&nbsp;S. Macfoy,&nbsp;B. Machenschalk,&nbsp;M. MacInnis,&nbsp;D. M. Macleod,&nbsp;F. Magaña-Sandoval,&nbsp;E. Majorana,&nbsp;I. Maksimovic,&nbsp;V. Malvezzi,&nbsp;N. Man,&nbsp;V. Mandic,&nbsp;V. Mangano,&nbsp;S. Mano,&nbsp;G. L. Mansell,&nbsp;M. Manske,&nbsp;M. Mantovani,&nbsp;F. Marchesoni,&nbsp;M. Marchio,&nbsp;F. Marion,&nbsp;S. Márka,&nbsp;Z. Márka,&nbsp;A. S. Markosyan,&nbsp;E. Maros,&nbsp;F. Martelli,&nbsp;L. Martellini,&nbsp;I. W. Martin,&nbsp;D. V. Martynov,&nbsp;K. Mason,&nbsp;A. Masserot,&nbsp;T. J. Massinger,&nbsp;M. Masso-Reid,&nbsp;S. Mastrogiovanni,&nbsp;F. Matichard,&nbsp;L. Matone,&nbsp;N. Matsumoto,&nbsp;F. Matsushima,&nbsp;N. Mavalvala,&nbsp;N. Mazumder,&nbsp;R. McCarthy,&nbsp;D. E. McClelland,&nbsp;S. McCormick,&nbsp;C. McGrath,&nbsp;S. C. McGuire,&nbsp;G. McIntyre,&nbsp;J. McIver,&nbsp;D. J. McManus,&nbsp;T. McRae,&nbsp;S. T. McWilliams,&nbsp;D. Meacher,&nbsp;G. D. Meadors,&nbsp;J. Meidam,&nbsp;A. Melatos,&nbsp;G. Mendell,&nbsp;D. Mendoza-Gandara,&nbsp;R. A. Mercer,&nbsp;E. L. Merilh,&nbsp;M. Merzougui,&nbsp;S. Meshkov,&nbsp;C. Messenger,&nbsp;C. Messick,&nbsp;R. Metzdorff,&nbsp;P. M. Meyers,&nbsp;F. Mezzani,&nbsp;H. Miao,&nbsp;C. Michel,&nbsp;Y. Michimura,&nbsp;H. Middleton,&nbsp;E. E. Mikhailov,&nbsp;L. Milano,&nbsp;A. L. Miller,&nbsp;A. Miller,&nbsp;B. B. Miller,&nbsp;J. Miller,&nbsp;M. Millhouse,&nbsp;Y. Minenkov,&nbsp;J. Ming,&nbsp;S. Mirshekari,&nbsp;C. Mishra,&nbsp;V. P. Mitrofanov,&nbsp;G. Mitselmakher,&nbsp;R. Mittleman,&nbsp;O. Miyakawa,&nbsp;A. Miyamoto,&nbsp;T. Miyamoto,&nbsp;S. Miyoki,&nbsp;A. Moggi,&nbsp;M. Mohan,&nbsp;S. R. P. Mohapatra,&nbsp;M. Montani,&nbsp;B. C. Moore,&nbsp;C. J. Moore,&nbsp;D. Moraru,&nbsp;G. Moreno,&nbsp;W. Morii,&nbsp;S. Morisaki,&nbsp;Y. Moriwaki,&nbsp;S. R. Morriss,&nbsp;B. Mours,&nbsp;C. M. Mow-Lowry,&nbsp;G. Mueller,&nbsp;A. W. Muir,&nbsp;Arunava Mukherjee,&nbsp;D. Mukherjee,&nbsp;S. Mukherjee,&nbsp;N. Mukund,&nbsp;A. Mullavey,&nbsp;J. Munch,&nbsp;E. A. M. Muniz,&nbsp;P. G. Murray,&nbsp;A. Mytidis,&nbsp;S. Nagano,&nbsp;K. Nakamura,&nbsp;T. Nakamura,&nbsp;H. Nakano,&nbsp;Masaya Nakano,&nbsp;Masayuki Nakano,&nbsp;K. Nakao,&nbsp;K. Napier,&nbsp;I. Nardecchia,&nbsp;T. Narikawa,&nbsp;L. Naticchioni,&nbsp;G. Nelemans,&nbsp;T. J. N. Nelson,&nbsp;M. Neri,&nbsp;M. Nery,&nbsp;A. Neunzert,&nbsp;J. M. Newport,&nbsp;G. Newton,&nbsp;T. T. Nguyen,&nbsp;W.-T. Ni,&nbsp;A. B. Nielsen,&nbsp;S. Nissanke,&nbsp;A. Nitz,&nbsp;A. Noack,&nbsp;F. Nocera,&nbsp;D. Nolting,&nbsp;M. E. N. Normandin,&nbsp;L. K. Nuttall,&nbsp;J. Oberling,&nbsp;E. Ochsner,&nbsp;E. Oelker,&nbsp;G. H. Ogin,&nbsp;J. J. Oh,&nbsp;S. H. Oh,&nbsp;M. Ohashi,&nbsp;N. Ohishi,&nbsp;M. Ohkawa,&nbsp;F. Ohme,&nbsp;K. Okutomi,&nbsp;M. Oliver,&nbsp;K. Ono,&nbsp;Y. Ono,&nbsp;K. Oohara,&nbsp;P. Oppermann,&nbsp;Richard J. Oram,&nbsp;B. O’Reilly,&nbsp;R. O’Shaughnessy,&nbsp;D. J. Ottaway,&nbsp;H. Overmier,&nbsp;B. J. Owen,&nbsp;A. E. Pace,&nbsp;J. Page,&nbsp;A. Pai,&nbsp;S. A. Pai,&nbsp;J. R. Palamos,&nbsp;O. Palashov,&nbsp;C. Palomba,&nbsp;A. Pal-Singh,&nbsp;H. Pan,&nbsp;C. Pankow,&nbsp;F. Pannarale,&nbsp;B. C. Pant,&nbsp;F. Paoletti,&nbsp;A. Paoli,&nbsp;M. A. Papa,&nbsp;H. R. Paris,&nbsp;W. Parker,&nbsp;D. Pascucci,&nbsp;A. Pasqualetti,&nbsp;R. Passaquieti,&nbsp;D. Passuello,&nbsp;B. Patricelli,&nbsp;B. L. Pearlstone,&nbsp;M. Pedraza,&nbsp;R. Pedurand,&nbsp;L. Pekowsky,&nbsp;A. Pele,&nbsp;F. E. Peña Arellano,&nbsp;S. Penn,&nbsp;C. J. Perez,&nbsp;A. Perreca,&nbsp;L. M. Perri,&nbsp;H. P. Pfeiffer,&nbsp;M. Phelps,&nbsp;O. J. Piccinni,&nbsp;M. Pichot,&nbsp;F. Piergiovanni,&nbsp;V. Pierro,&nbsp;G. Pillant,&nbsp;L. Pinard,&nbsp;I. M. Pinto,&nbsp;M. Pitkin,&nbsp;M. Poe,&nbsp;R. Poggiani,&nbsp;P. Popolizio,&nbsp;A. Post,&nbsp;J. Powell,&nbsp;J. Prasad,&nbsp;J. W. W. Pratt,&nbsp;V. Predoi,&nbsp;T. Prestegard,&nbsp;M. Prijatelj,&nbsp;M. Principe,&nbsp;S. Privitera,&nbsp;G. A. Prodi,&nbsp;L. G. Prokhorov,&nbsp;O. Puncken,&nbsp;M. Punturo,&nbsp;P. Puppo,&nbsp;M. Pürrer,&nbsp;H. Qi,&nbsp;J. Qin,&nbsp;S. Qiu,&nbsp;V. Quetschke,&nbsp;E. A. Quintero,&nbsp;R. Quitzow-James,&nbsp;F. J. Raab,&nbsp;D. S. Rabeling,&nbsp;H. Radkins,&nbsp;P. Raffai,&nbsp;S. Raja,&nbsp;C. Rajan,&nbsp;M. Rakhmanov,&nbsp;P. Rapagnani,&nbsp;V. Raymond,&nbsp;M. Razzano,&nbsp;V. Re,&nbsp;J. Read,&nbsp;T. Regimbau,&nbsp;L. Rei,&nbsp;S. Reid,&nbsp;D. H. Reitze,&nbsp;H. Rew,&nbsp;S. D. Reyes,&nbsp;E. Rhoades,&nbsp;F. Ricci,&nbsp;K. Riles,&nbsp;M. Rizzo,&nbsp;N. A. Robertson,&nbsp;R. Robie,&nbsp;F. Robinet,&nbsp;A. Rocchi,&nbsp;L. Rolland,&nbsp;J. G. Rollins,&nbsp;V. J. Roma,&nbsp;R. Romano,&nbsp;J. H. Romie,&nbsp;D. Rosińska,&nbsp;S. Rowan,&nbsp;A. Rüdiger,&nbsp;P. Ruggi,&nbsp;K. Ryan,&nbsp;S. Sachdev,&nbsp;T. Sadecki,&nbsp;L. Sadeghian,&nbsp;N. Sago,&nbsp;M. Saijo,&nbsp;Y. Saito,&nbsp;K. Sakai,&nbsp;M. Sakellariadou,&nbsp;L. Salconi,&nbsp;M. Saleem,&nbsp;F. 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Woehler,&nbsp;J. Worden,&nbsp;J. L. Wright,&nbsp;D. S. Wu,&nbsp;G. Wu,&nbsp;W. Yam,&nbsp;H. Yamamoto,&nbsp;K. Yamamoto,&nbsp;T. Yamamoto,&nbsp;C. C. Yancey,&nbsp;K. Yano,&nbsp;M. J. Yap,&nbsp;J. Yokoyama,&nbsp;T. Yokozawa,&nbsp;T. H. Yoon,&nbsp;Hang Yu,&nbsp;Haocun Yu,&nbsp;H. Yuzurihara,&nbsp;M. Yvert,&nbsp;A. Zadrożny,&nbsp;L. Zangrando,&nbsp;M. Zanolin,&nbsp;S. Zeidler,&nbsp;J.-P. Zendri,&nbsp;M. Zevin,&nbsp;L. Zhang,&nbsp;M. Zhang,&nbsp;T. Zhang,&nbsp;Y. Zhang,&nbsp;C. Zhao,&nbsp;M. Zhou,&nbsp;Z. Zhou,&nbsp;S. J. Zhu,&nbsp;X. J. Zhu,&nbsp;M. E. Zucker,&nbsp;J. Zweizig,&nbsp;KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration","doi":"10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and <span>\\(90\\%\\)</span> credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5–<span>\\(20~\\mathrm {deg}^2\\)</span> requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of <span>\\(\\sim 2\\)</span> of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.3000,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9","citationCount":"1119","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Living Reviews in Relativity","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1119

Abstract

We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and \(90\%\) credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5–\(20~\mathrm {deg}^2\) requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of \(\sim 2\) of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.

Abstract Image

先进LIGO、先进Virgo和KAGRA对引力波瞬态观测和定位的展望
我们提出了未来十年先进LIGO、先进Virgo和KAGRA引力波探测器可能的观测方案,旨在为天文学界提供信息,以促进引力波多信使天文学的规划。我们估计了网络对瞬态引力波信号的灵敏度,并研究了网络确定源的天空位置的能力。我们报告了我们对引力波瞬变的发现,特别关注来自双中子星系统的引力波信号,这是多信使天文学最有希望的目标。定位探测到的信号源的能力取决于探测器的地理分布和它们的相对灵敏度,当只有两个敏感探测器在工作时,\(90\%\)可信区域可以大到数千平方度。要确定很大一部分探测信号在5 - \(20~\mathrm {deg}^2\)范围内的天空位置,需要至少三个灵敏度在\(\sim 2\)因子内的探测器,并且具有较宽的频率带宽。当包括KAGRA和印度第三个LIGO探测器在内的所有探测器达到设计灵敏度时,仅通过引力波观测就可以将很大一部分引力波信号定位到几平方度的范围内。
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来源期刊
Living Reviews in Relativity
Living Reviews in Relativity 物理-物理:粒子与场物理
CiteScore
69.90
自引率
0.70%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Living Reviews in Relativity is a peer-reviewed, platinum open-access journal that publishes reviews of research across all areas of relativity. Directed towards the scientific community at or above the graduate-student level, articles are solicited from leading authorities and provide critical assessments of current research. They offer annotated insights into key literature and describe available resources, maintaining an up-to-date suite of high-quality reviews, thus embodying the "living" aspect of the journal's title. Serving as a valuable tool for the scientific community, Living Reviews in Relativity is often the first stop for researchers seeking information on current work in relativity. Written by experts, the reviews cite, explain, and assess the most relevant resources in a given field, evaluating existing work and suggesting areas for further research. Attracting readers from the entire relativity community, the journal is useful for graduate students conducting literature surveys, researchers seeking the latest results in unfamiliar fields, and lecturers in need of information and visual materials for presentations at all levels.
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