Proton irradiation of SiPM arrays for POLAR-2

IF 2.7 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Experimental Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI:10.1007/s10686-022-09873-6

Slawomir Mianowski, Nicolas De Angelis, Johannes Hulsman, Merlin Kole, Tomasz Kowalski, Sebastian Kusyk, Hancheng Li, Zuzanna Mianowska, Jerzy Mietelski, Agnieszka Pollo, Dominik Rybka, Jianchao Sun, Jan Swakon, Damian Wrobel, Xin Wu

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引用次数: 5

Abstract

POLAR-2 is a space-borne polarimeter, built to investigate the polarization of Gamma-Ray Bursts and help elucidate their mechanisms. The instrument is targeted for launch in 2024 or 2025 aboard the China Space Station and is being developed by a collaboration between institutes from Switzerland, Germany, Poland and China. The instrument will orbit at altitudes between 340km and 450km with an inclination of \({42}{^{\circ }}\) and will be subjected to background radiation from cosmic rays and solar events. It is therefore pertinent to better understand the performance of sensitive devices under space-like conditions. In this paper we focus on the radiation damage of the silicon photomultiplier arrays S13361-6075NE-04 and S14161-6050HS-04 from Hamamatsu. The S13361 are irradiated with 58MeV protons at several doses up to 4.96Gy, whereas the newer series S14161 are irradiated at doses of 0.254Gy and 2.31Gy. Their respective performance degradation due to radiation damage are discussed. The equivalent exposure time in space for silicon photomultipliers inside POLAR-2 with a dose of 4.96Gy is 62.9years (or 1.78years when disregarding the shielding from the instrument). Primary characteristics of the I-V curves are an increase in the dark current and dark counts, mostly through cross-talk events. Annealing processes at \({25}{^{\circ }C}\) were observed but not studied in further detail. Biasing channels while being irradiated have not resulted in any significant impact. Activation analyses showed a dominant contribution of \(\beta ^{+}\) particles around 511 keV. These resulted primarily from copper and carbon, mostly with decay times shorter than the orbital period.

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质子辐照SiPM阵列对POLAR-2的影响

POLAR-2是一种星载偏振计，用于研究伽马射线暴的偏振并帮助阐明其机制。该仪器计划于2024年或2025年在中国空间站发射，由瑞士、德国、波兰和中国的研究机构合作开发。该仪器将在海拔340至450公里之间的轨道上运行，倾角为\({42}{^{\circ }}\)，并将受到来自宇宙射线和太阳事件的背景辐射。因此，更好地了解敏感装置在类空间条件下的性能是相关的。本文主要研究了滨松产硅光电倍增管阵列S13361-6075NE-04和S14161-6050HS-04的辐射损伤。S13361用58MeV质子辐照，辐照剂量最高可达4.96Gy，而新系列S14161的辐照剂量分别为0.254Gy和2.31Gy。讨论了它们各自由于辐射损伤而导致的性能下降。在4.96Gy剂量的POLAR-2中，硅光电倍增管在太空中的等效暴露时间为62.9年(如果不考虑仪器的屏蔽作用，则为1.78年)。I-V曲线的主要特征是暗电流和暗计数的增加，主要是由于串扰事件。观察了\({25}{^{\circ }C}\)的退火过程，但没有进一步详细研究。偏置通道在受辐照时没有造成任何重大影响。活化分析显示，511 keV左右的\(\beta ^{+}\)粒子占主导地位。这些主要是由铜和碳产生的，它们的衰变时间大多短于轨道周期。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Experimental Astronomy 地学天文-天文与天体物理

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Many new instruments for observing astronomical objects at a variety of wavelengths have been and are continually being developed. Furthermore, a vast amount of effort is being put into the development of new techniques for data analysis in order to cope with great streams of data collected by these instruments. Experimental Astronomy acts as a medium for the publication of papers of contemporary scientific interest on astrophysical instrumentation and methods necessary for the conduct of astronomy at all wavelength fields. Experimental Astronomy publishes full-length articles, research letters and reviews on developments in detection techniques, instruments, and data analysis and image processing techniques. Occasional special issues are published, giving an in-depth presentation of the instrumentation and/or analysis connected with specific projects, such as satellite experiments or ground-based telescopes, or of specialized techniques.