Genomic analysis of a marine alphaproteobacterium Sagittula sp. strain MA-2 that carried eight plasmids

Abstract

Bacteria that belong to the family Roseobacteraceae in the Alphaproteobacteria class are widely distributed in marine environments with remarkable physiological diversity, which is considered to be attributed to their genomic plasticity. In this study, a novel isolate of the genus Sagittula within Roseobacteraceae, strain MA-2, was obtained from a coastal marine bacterial consortium enriched with aromatic hydrocarbons, and its complete genome was sequenced. The genome with a total size of 5.69 Mbp was revealed to consist of a 4.67-Mbp circular chromosome and eight circular plasmids ranging in size from 19.5 to 361.5 kbp. Further analyses of functional genes in the strain MA-2 genome identified homologous genes responsible for the biotransformation of gentisic acid, which were located on one of its plasmids and were not found in genomes of other Sagittula strains available from databases. This suggested that strain MA-2 had acquired these genes via horizontal gene transfers that enabled them to degrade and utilize gentisic acid as a growth substrate. This study provided the second complete genome sequence of the genus Sagittula and supports the hypothesis that acquisition of ecologically relevant genes in extrachromosomal replicons allows Roseobacteraceae to be highly adaptable to diverse lifestyles.