Adipose tissue lymphatic endothelial cells: revisited functions in the modulation of adipose biology

Abstract

Lymphatic vessels, luminally lined by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), are present throughout most vascularized organs and tissues. The lymphatic vasculature plays a role in many physiological processes, including the drainage of tissue interstitium, resorption of excess fluid, and extravasation of immune cells. Defects in the structure and function of the lymphatic vasculature can lead to lymphedema. Extreme obesity can lead to impaired lymphatic function and development of obesity-induced lymphedema (OIL). Although the molecular underpinnings of OIL pathobiology are unclear, evidence suggests that adipose tissue LECs are key players. However, adipose tissue LECs are relatively poorly characterized, and their roles in adipose tissue biology have only recently gained attention. In this review, we highlight recent literature that provides insight into the diverse functions of LECs in adipose tissue metabolic homeostasis and the associated derangements that occur in obesity.