Genetic improvement of legume roots for adaption to acid soils

IF 6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Xinxin Li, Xinghua Zhang, Qingsong Zhao, Hong Liao
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Acid soils occupy approximately 50% of potentially arable lands. Improving crop productivity in acid soils, therefore, will be crucial for ensuring food security and agricultural sustainability. High soil acidity often coexists with phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity, a combination that severely impedes crop growth and yield across wide areas. As roots explore soil for the nutrients and water required for plant growth and development, they also sense and respond to below-ground stresses. Within the terrestrial context of widespread P deficiency and Al toxicity pressures, plants, particularly roots, have evolved a variety of mechanisms for adapting to these stresses. As legumes, soybean (Glycine max) plants may acquire nitrogen (N) through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), an adaptation that can be useful for mitigating excessive N fertilizer use, either directly as leguminous crop participants in rotation and intercropping systems, or secondarily as green manure cover crops. In this review, we investigate legumes, especially soybean, for recent advances in our understanding of root-based mechanisms linked with root architecture modification, exudation and symbiosis, together with associated genetic and molecular strategies in adaptation to individual and/or interacting P and Al conditions in acid soils. We propose that breeding legume cultivars with superior nutrient efficiency and/or Al tolerance traits through genetic selection might become a potentially powerful strategy for producing crop varieties capable of maintaining or improving yields in more stressful soil conditions subjected to increasingly challenging environmental conditions.

豆科植物根系适应酸性土壤的遗传改良
酸性土壤约占潜在耕地的50%。因此,提高酸性土壤中的作物生产力对于确保粮食安全和农业可持续性至关重要。高土壤酸度通常与磷(P)缺乏和铝(Al)毒性共存,这两种组合严重阻碍了大片地区的作物生长和产量。当根系探索土壤以获取植物生长和发育所需的营养和水分时,它们也会感知和响应地下压力。在广泛缺磷和铝毒性压力的陆地环境中,植物,特别是根系,已经进化出了各种适应这些压力的机制。作为豆类植物,大豆(Glycine max)植物可以通过共生固氮(SNF)获得氮(N),这种适应可以直接作为轮作和间作系统中的豆科作物参与者,或者其次作为绿肥覆盖作物,有助于缓解氮肥的过度使用。在这篇综述中,我们研究了豆类,特别是大豆,以了解我们对与根系结构修饰、渗出和共生相关的基于根系的机制的理解,以及在酸性土壤中适应个体和/或相互作用的磷和铝条件的相关遗传和分子策略的最新进展。我们提出,通过遗传选择培育具有卓越营养效率和/或耐铝特性的豆类品种,可能成为一种潜在的强大策略,用于生产能够在压力更大的土壤条件下保持或提高产量的作物品种,而环境条件正变得越来越具有挑战性。
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来源期刊
Crop Journal
Crop Journal Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agronomy and Crop Science
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.00%
发文量
638
审稿时长
41 days
期刊介绍: The major aims of The Crop Journal are to report recent progresses in crop sciences including crop genetics, breeding, agronomy, crop physiology, germplasm resources, grain chemistry, grain storage and processing, crop management practices, crop biotechnology, and biomathematics. The regular columns of the journal are Original Research Articles, Reviews, and Research Notes. The strict peer-review procedure will guarantee the academic level and raise the reputation of the journal. The readership of the journal is for crop science researchers, students of agricultural colleges and universities, and persons with similar academic levels.
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