Rizeng Chen , Haokun Li , Bican Xia , Tianqi Zhao , Tao Zheng
{"title":"Isolating all the real roots of a mixed trigonometric-polynomial","authors":"Rizeng Chen , Haokun Li , Bican Xia , Tianqi Zhao , Tao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jsc.2023.102250","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mixed trigonometric-polynomials (MTPs) are functions of the form <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo></mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo></mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> where <em>f</em> is a trivariate polynomial with rational coefficients, and the argument <em>x</em> ranges over the reals. In this paper, an algorithm “isolating” all the real roots of an MTP is provided and implemented. It automatically divides the real roots into two parts: one consists of finitely many roots in an interval <span><math><mo>[</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msub><mo>]</mo></math></span> while the other consists of countably many roots in <span><math><mi>R</mi><mo>﹨</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msub><mo>]</mo></math></span>. For the roots in <span><math><mo>[</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msub><mo>]</mo></math></span>, the algorithm returns isolating intervals and corresponding multiplicities while for those greater than <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>, it returns finitely many mutually disjoint small intervals <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>⊂</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>−</mo><mi>π</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>π</mi><mo>]</mo></math></span>, integers <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>></mo><mn>0</mn></math></span> and multisets of root multiplicity <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mo>{</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>}</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msubsup></math></span> such that any root <span><math><mo>></mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> is in the set <span><math><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mo>∪</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mo>∪</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>π</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> and any interval <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>π</mi><mo>⊂</mo><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>∞</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> contains exactly <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> distinct roots with multiplicities <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>.</mo><mo>.</mo><mo>.</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, respectively. The efficiency of the algorithm is shown by experiments. The method used to isolate the roots in <span><math><mo>[</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msub><mo>]</mo></math></span><span><span> is applicable to any other bounded interval as well. The algorithm takes advantages of the weak Fourier sequence technique and deals with the intervals period-by-period without scaling the coordinate so to keep the length of the sequence short. The new approaches can easily be modified to decide whether there is any root, or whether there are infinitely many roots in </span>unbounded intervals of the form </span><span><math><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mo>∞</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> or <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>∞</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> with <span><math><mi>a</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>Q</mi></math></span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Computation","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Symbolic Computation","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747717123000640","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Mixed trigonometric-polynomials (MTPs) are functions of the form where f is a trivariate polynomial with rational coefficients, and the argument x ranges over the reals. In this paper, an algorithm “isolating” all the real roots of an MTP is provided and implemented. It automatically divides the real roots into two parts: one consists of finitely many roots in an interval while the other consists of countably many roots in . For the roots in , the algorithm returns isolating intervals and corresponding multiplicities while for those greater than , it returns finitely many mutually disjoint small intervals , integers and multisets of root multiplicity such that any root is in the set and any interval contains exactly distinct roots with multiplicities , respectively. The efficiency of the algorithm is shown by experiments. The method used to isolate the roots in is applicable to any other bounded interval as well. The algorithm takes advantages of the weak Fourier sequence technique and deals with the intervals period-by-period without scaling the coordinate so to keep the length of the sequence short. The new approaches can easily be modified to decide whether there is any root, or whether there are infinitely many roots in unbounded intervals of the form or with .
期刊介绍:
An international journal, the Journal of Symbolic Computation, founded by Bruno Buchberger in 1985, is directed to mathematicians and computer scientists who have a particular interest in symbolic computation. The journal provides a forum for research in the algorithmic treatment of all types of symbolic objects: objects in formal languages (terms, formulas, programs); algebraic objects (elements in basic number domains, polynomials, residue classes, etc.); and geometrical objects.
It is the explicit goal of the journal to promote the integration of symbolic computation by establishing one common avenue of communication for researchers working in the different subareas. It is also important that the algorithmic achievements of these areas should be made available to the human problem-solver in integrated software systems for symbolic computation. To help this integration, the journal publishes invited tutorial surveys as well as Applications Letters and System Descriptions.