Chemo-prospecting Cleistanthus collinus, Lantana camara and Strychnos nux-vomica for rice pest management under laboratory conditions

Totan Adak, Tanushree Mishra, Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi, Basana Gowda Gadratagi, Naveenkumar Patil, Mahendiran Annamalai, Manoj Kumar Yadav, Sushmita Munda, Arup Kumar Mukherjee, Prakash Chandra Rath, Mayabini Jena
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Abstract

Cleistanthus collinus Roxb., Lantana camara L. and Strychnos nux-vomica L. are abundantly available in tropical countries and are being used for pest management as an Indigenous Technical Knowledge. The present study decoded the biochemical constituents of these species and tested the efficacy of these plant products against major rice insect pests and diseases. Significantly higher phenol content and antioxidant activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-Azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay) were found in C. collinus water extract, whereas S. nux-vomica extract had higher flavonoids. The major chemical constituents of C. collinus, L. camara and S. nux-vomica were 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, β- Phellandrene and Phytol, respectively. Water extract of C. collinus had significantly reduced the insect pests (brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål and gall midge, Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason) and diseases (brown spot, Helminthosporium oryzae and bacterial leaf blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). In contrast, S. nux-vomica water extract was most effective against the pathogens causing blast, Magnaporthe oryzae and sheath blight disease, Rhizoctonia solani in rice. The secondary metabolites, namely, 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, Neophytadiene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol etc. present in C. collinus extract reported to have biocidal activities against number of crop pests. As C. collinus has been listed as ‘vulnerable’ in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list, it can be promoted as a viable component in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of rice for its conservation and economic utilization.

实验室条件下水稻病虫害防治的化学展望:桔黄、大柳叶和马钱子
柯氏Cleistanus collinus Roxb。,马缨丹和马钱子在热带国家随处可见,并被用作当地技术知识的害虫管理。本研究解码了这些物种的生化成分,并测试了这些植物产品对主要水稻病虫害的功效。在C.collinus水提取物中发现显著更高的酚含量和抗氧化活性(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(DPPH)和2,2-锌(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)测定),而S.nux呕吐物提取物中的黄酮类化合物含量更高。C.collinus、L.camara和S.nux呕吐物的主要化学成分分别为1,2,3-苯三醇、β-苯肾上腺素和Phytol。C.collinus的水提取物显著减少了害虫(褐飞虱、Nilaparvata lugens Stål和gall midge、Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason)和疾病(褐斑病、Helmintosporium oryzae和白叶枯病、Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)。与此相反,马钱子水提取物对水稻中引起稻瘟病、稻瘟病和纹章枯病的病原菌——茄丝核菌最为有效。据报道,C.collinus提取物中的次级代谢产物,即1,2,3-苯三醇、新植二烯、正十六烷酸、植物醇等,对许多作物害虫具有杀菌活性。由于C.collinus已在国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录中被列为“易危”物种,因此可以将其作为水稻病虫害综合治理(IPM)的一个可行组成部分进行保护和经济利用。
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