Feed restriction as a tool for further studies describing the mechanisms underlying lipolysis in milk in dairy cows

C. Hurtaud , L. Bernard , M. Boutinaud , C. Cebo
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Milk lipolysis is defined as the hydrolysis of triglycerides, which are the main component of milk fat. Short-chain fatty acids (FAs) released in milk are responsible for rancid flavour. In addition, the presence of partial glycerides impairs the functional properties of milk, such as foaming and creaming abilities. Milk lipolysis, a key criterion used to assess milk quality, depends on animal parameters and breeding factors. Low-energy diets are associated with higher levels of spontaneous lipolysis, particularly in late lactation. In this study, dairy cows were fed a restricted diet (i.e. 65% of their ad libitum DM intake (DMI)) to induce spontaneous lipolysis in milk and to study milk composition associated with lipolysis. Two groups of 22 cows each received a control diet (100% of ad libitum DMI) or the restricted diet according to a 2 × 2 crossover design. The restricted diet was fed for five days. As expected, feed restriction increased milk spontaneous lipolysis which was associated with an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity. At the same time, milk yield and protein content decreased and no effect was observed on milk fat content. The increase in spontaneous lipolysis was associated with an increase in milk fat globules diameter, without influencing casein micelles diameter. Feed restriction altered the parameters of dairy cow metabolism, with increases in plasma non-esterified FAs, triglycerides and urea, indicating body fat mobilisation and protein catabolism associated with feed restriction. Feed restriction also altered hormonal parameters, with decreases in plasma insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and prolactin. As expected, lipolysis was higher in evening milk and was associated with a larger diameter of milk fat globules. This zootechnical approach will be completed with proteomic, lipidomic and transcriptomic studies of milk and/or mammary gland of animals selected for their extreme lipolysis.

饲料限制作为进一步研究描述奶牛牛奶中脂肪分解机制的工具
牛奶脂解是指甘油三酯的水解,甘油三酯是牛奶脂肪的主要成分。牛奶中释放的短链脂肪酸是造成酸败的原因。此外,偏甘油酯的存在会损害牛奶的功能特性,如起泡和奶油化能力。乳汁脂解是评价乳汁质量的一个关键标准,它取决于动物参数和繁殖因素。低能量饮食与较高水平的自发脂解有关,尤其是在哺乳后期。在这项研究中,奶牛被喂食限制性饮食(即其随意DM摄入量(DMI)的65%),以诱导牛奶中的自发脂解,并研究与脂解相关的牛奶成分。两组22头奶牛,每组接受对照饮食(100%随意DMI)或根据2×2交叉设计的限制性饮食。限制性饮食喂养了五天。正如预期的那样,饲料限制增加了牛奶的自发脂解,这与脂蛋白脂肪酶活性的增加有关。同时,产奶量和蛋白质含量下降,对乳脂含量没有影响。自发脂解的增加与乳脂肪球直径的增加有关,而不影响酪蛋白胶束的直径。饲料限制改变了奶牛的代谢参数,血浆非酯化脂肪酸、甘油三酯和尿素增加,表明与饲料限制相关的体脂运动和蛋白质分解代谢。饲料限制也改变了激素参数,血浆胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子1和泌乳素降低。正如预期的那样,晚乳中的脂解作用更高,并且与较大直径的乳脂肪球有关。这一动物技术方法将通过对选择用于极端脂解的动物的乳汁和/或乳腺进行蛋白质组学、脂质组学和转录组学研究来完成。
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