Pollution of water resources and application of ICP-MS techniques for monitoring and management—A comprehensive review

V. Balaram , Lorenzo Copia , U. Saravana Kumar , Jodie Miller , S. Chidambaram
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Different natural and anthropogenic processes cause pollution of various water bodies worldwide creating numerous health problems for humans. This causes serious concern as water is a basic necessity to all living beings, and needs to be adequately monitored and managed to prevent its contamination. If found contaminated, the water is to be cleaned using suitable water treatment methods keeping in view of WHO regulations before using it for the intended purpose (drinking, irrigation, etc.). Application of different ICP-MS techniques such as classical ICP-MS, ICP-MS/MS, ICP-TOF-MS, HR-ICP-MS, MH-ICP-MS, and MC-ICP-MS for the qualitative and quantitative determination of toxic metals, isotopes and, metal species, and effective monitoring of various other pollutants in drinking water, surface water, groundwater, industrial effluents, and water used for irrigation, aquaculture and for various industries is the focal point of this article. In general, the concentrations of major, minor, and trace element composition of water samples are influenced mainly by the bedrock geology of the point of emergence, as well as by the residence time and the depth of the aquifer. For better management of water resources, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the quality (with respect to physical, chemical, and biological) requirements, and sustainability of groundwater from a particular source. Identifying the sources of contamination, understanding the health risks associated, and the application of suitable water treatment technique(s) before it is supplied for public consumption. It is also necessary to intensify our studies on the metal species (e.g., As3+, Cr6+ and methyl mercury) in drinking water and their effects on human health, and their regulatory limits in drinking water.

Abstract Image

水资源污染与ICP-MS监测管理技术的应用——综述
不同的自然和人为过程造成了世界各地各种水体的污染,给人类带来了许多健康问题。这引起了人们的严重关切,因为水是所有生物的基本必需品,需要得到充分的监测和管理,以防止其污染。如果发现水被污染,在将其用于预期用途(饮用、灌溉等)之前,应根据世界卫生组织的规定,使用适当的水处理方法对水进行清洁。应用不同的ICP-MS技术,如经典ICP-MS、ICP-MS/MS、ICP-TOF-MS、HR-ICP-MS、MH-ICP-MS和MC-ICP-M斯,用于有毒金属的定性和定量测定,同位素和金属物种,以及对饮用水、地表水、地下水、工业废水以及灌溉、水产养殖和各种工业用水中各种其他污染物的有效监测是本文的重点。一般来说,水样中主要、次要和微量元素组成的浓度主要受出露点的基岩地质以及蓄水层的停留时间和深度的影响。为了更好地管理水资源,有必要全面了解特定来源地下水的质量(物理、化学和生物)要求和可持续性。确定污染源,了解相关的健康风险,并在供应给公众之前应用合适的水处理技术。还需要加强对饮用水中金属物种(如As3+、Cr6+和甲基汞)及其对人类健康的影响及其在饮用水中的监管限制的研究。
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