Typology of Brazilian dairy farms based on vulnerability characteristics

Rosa Maira Tonet , Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti , Julio Cesar Damasceno , Tiago Teixeira da Silva Siqueira , Melise Dantas Machado Bouroullec , Maria Marta Loddi
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Abstract

Vulnerability has been a recurring theme in animal production research around the world, as it can lead to a series of outcomes, such as abandonment of the activity. Nevertheless, in Brazil, the fifth-largest milk producer in the world, studies assessing dairy farmers' vulnerabilities are scarce. Better understanding of dairy farm vulnerability may contribute to reducing the consequences of vulnerability. In view of these limitations, we sought to analyze the typology of dairy farms based on vulnerability characteristics. We applied on-site questionnaires to 128 dairy farmers located in Paraná State, Brazil. Structural, productive, and socioeconomic data were collected and subjected to factor analysis. Two vulnerability indicators were identified: F1, productive and economic indicator; and F2, feed self-sufficiency indicator. Hierarchical cluster analysis of factor scores revealed three groups of dairy farms: Group 1, highly vulnerable; Group 2, less vulnerable; and Group 3, non-vulnerable. Dairy farms with higher vulnerability represented most of the sample, followed by less vulnerable and non-vulnerable dairy farms. Our findings indicated that the productive and economic characteristics of farms contributed the most to explaining differences in vulnerability, followed by feed self-sufficiency characteristics. Social characteristics of farmers were not important in differentiating the analyzed sample. There was an interdependent relationship between vulnerability indicators, namely productive and economic characteristics and feed self-sufficiency.

基于脆弱性特征的巴西奶牛场类型
脆弱性一直是世界各地动物生产研究中反复出现的主题,因为它可能导致一系列结果,例如放弃活动。然而,在世界第五大牛奶生产国巴西,评估奶农脆弱性的研究很少。更好地了解奶牛场的脆弱性可能有助于减少脆弱性的后果。鉴于这些局限性,我们试图基于脆弱性特征来分析奶牛场的类型。我们对位于巴西巴拉那州的128名奶农进行了现场问卷调查。收集结构、生产和社会经济数据,并进行因素分析。确定了两个脆弱性指标:F1,生产和经济指标;F2为饲料自给指标。因子得分的层次聚类分析揭示了三组奶牛场:第一组,高度脆弱;第2组,弱势群体;第3组,非弱势群体。脆弱性较高的奶牛场代表了大部分样本,其次是不太脆弱和不脆弱的奶牛场。我们的研究结果表明,农场的生产和经济特征对解释脆弱性差异的贡献最大,其次是饲料自给特征。农民的社会特征在区分分析样本时并不重要。脆弱性指标,即生产和经济特征与饲料自给自足之间存在着相互依存的关系。
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