Apurba Patra , Adil Asghar , Pushpa NB , Priti Chaudhary , Kumar Satish Ravi , Harsimarjit Kaur , Wojciech Przybycień
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
The tendons of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) are commonly utilized in reconstructive foot surgery to address deformities. These tendons intersect on the plantar surface and exhibit varying interconnections that can significantly impact graft length and complicate the tendon harvesting process. The objective of this study was to comprehensively categorize these interconnections using a modified classification system and precisely determine their positional relationships with surgically significant bony landmarks.
Methods
Sixty embalmed feet of 30 cadavers were studied to analyze the interconnections between FHL and FDL in the planta pedis, classify them in a modified classification system and measure distances to surgically relevant anatomic landmark.
Results
The study revealed three primary types of interconnections. Type I, representing a proximal-to-distal connection from the FHL to the FDL, was observed in 85% of the feet. Type II, signifying a proximal-to-distal connection from the FDL to the FHL, was found in 11.66% of the feet. Type III, characterized by a crossed connection, was identified in 3.33% of the feet. The average point of branching for the FHL and FDL tendons was situated 4.5 cm and 3.5 cm distal to the navicular tuberosity, respectively.
Conclusion
The presence of atypical proximal-to-distal interconnections from the FHL to the FDL may play a role in preserving residual function in the lesser toes following FDL transfer procedures. Awareness of anatomical variations in the location of these interconnections is crucial for preserving them during surgical interventions, ultimately mitigating the risk of functional impairment in the lateral toes post-tendon grafting.
期刊介绍:
Translational Research in Anatomy is an international peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes high-quality original papers. Focusing on translational research, the journal aims to disseminate the knowledge that is gained in the basic science of anatomy and to apply it to the diagnosis and treatment of human pathology in order to improve individual patient well-being. Topics published in Translational Research in Anatomy include anatomy in all of its aspects, especially those that have application to other scientific disciplines including the health sciences: • gross anatomy • neuroanatomy • histology • immunohistochemistry • comparative anatomy • embryology • molecular biology • microscopic anatomy • forensics • imaging/radiology • medical education Priority will be given to studies that clearly articulate their relevance to the broader aspects of anatomy and how they can impact patient care.Strengthening the ties between morphological research and medicine will foster collaboration between anatomists and physicians. Therefore, Translational Research in Anatomy will serve as a platform for communication and understanding between the disciplines of anatomy and medicine and will aid in the dissemination of anatomical research. The journal accepts the following article types: 1. Review articles 2. Original research papers 3. New state-of-the-art methods of research in the field of anatomy including imaging, dissection methods, medical devices and quantitation 4. Education papers (teaching technologies/methods in medical education in anatomy) 5. Commentaries 6. Letters to the Editor 7. Selected conference papers 8. Case Reports