Heterogeneous effects of emigration on labor market activity and investment decisions in Punjab, Pakistan

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100547

Rabia Arif , Theresa Thompson Chaudhry

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We investigate the impacts of emigration on the labor market and investment decisions of migrant-sending households in Pakistan by constructing a large individual-level dataset, using several rounds of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted between 2003 and 2014. We add to the literature by introducing a new time-varying instrumental variable to control for endogenous migration decisions, constructed as a composite of three variables that represent opportunities to work abroad: (i) the household’s number of adult males, (ii) historic diaspora rates, and (iii) deviations of nighttime light intensity from its trend in migrant-receiving countries. We find a significant shift in domestic labor market activity from lower-status employment categories (not working at all, unpaid family work and manual labor) toward higher-status activities and entrepreneurship such as self-employment and becoming an employer within migrant-sending households. We also find higher investment in property, bank deposits, agricultural land, livestock, poultry and fisheries by individuals in migrant-sending households. The results are stronger for vulnerable groups, implying that migration can be a force for good for rural development, the welfare of women, and less-educated individuals.

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移民对巴基斯坦旁遮普劳动力市场活动和投资决策的异质效应

我们使用2003年至2014年间进行的几轮多指标聚类调查，构建了一个大型个人层面的数据集，调查了移民对巴基斯坦劳动力市场和移民家庭投资决策的影响。我们引入了一个新的时变工具变量来控制内生移民决策，该变量由代表出国工作机会的三个变量组成：（i）家庭成年男性人数，（ii）历史散居率，以及（iii）移民接收国夜间光强与其趋势的偏差。我们发现，国内劳动力市场活动从地位较低的就业类别（根本不工作、无薪家庭工作和体力劳动）向地位较高的活动和创业转变，如自营职业和成为移民家庭中的雇主。我们还发现，移民家庭中的个人在房地产、银行存款、农业用地、牲畜、家禽和渔业方面的投资更高。结果对弱势群体来说更为有力，这意味着移民可以成为促进农村发展、妇女福利和受教育程度较低的个人的一股力量。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Advances in Life Course Research SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

2.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： Advances in Life Course Research publishes articles dealing with various aspects of the human life course. Seeing life course research as an essentially interdisciplinary field of study, it invites and welcomes contributions from anthropology, biosocial science, demography, epidemiology and statistics, gerontology, economics, management and organisation science, policy studies, psychology, research methodology and sociology. Original empirical analyses, theoretical contributions, methodological studies and reviews accessible to a broad set of readers are welcome.