Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease.

IF 7.9 Q1 Medicine
Kavitha Mukund, Shankar Subramaniam
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.

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骨骼肌:分子结构和功能的综述,在健康和疾病中。
骨骼肌生理学数十年的研究为这一重要解剖组织的结构和功能复杂性提供了多尺度的见解,旨在完成产生收缩、力和运动的任务。骨骼肌可以被视为具有各种相互作用部件的生物力学装置,包括用于脉冲传递的自主神经、用于有效氧合的脉管系统以及用于维持细胞稳态的嵌入式调节和代谢机制。“组学”革命推动了肌肉研究的一个新时代,使我们能够辨别出无数相互作用成分之间有效协调所需的分子串扰的微小细节,以实现有效的肌肉功能。这篇综述的目的是提供一个系统层面的、全面的骨骼肌结构和功能在健康和疾病中的分子机制图谱。我们开始这篇综述的重点是肌肉组织发育(肌发生)的分子机制,重点是卫星细胞和肌肉再生。接下来,我们将回顾肌肉许多结构成分的分子结构和机制:神经肌肉接头、肌节、细胞骨架、细胞外基质和肌肉周围的血管系统。我们强调异常分子机制及其可能的临床或病理生理相关性。我们特别强调环境应激源(炎症和氧化应激)对肌肉病理生理学的影响,包括萎缩、肥大和纤维化。本文分类为:生理学>健康与疾病发育生物学中的哺乳动物生理学>系统特性和过程的健康与疾病模型中的发育过程>细胞模型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal Name:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Systems Biology and Medicine Focus: Strong interdisciplinary focus Serves as an encyclopedic reference for systems biology research Conceptual Framework: Systems biology asserts the study of organisms as hierarchical systems or networks Individual biological components interact in complex ways within these systems Article Coverage: Discusses biology, methods, and models Spans systems from a few molecules to whole species Topical Coverage: Developmental Biology Physiology Biological Mechanisms Models of Systems, Properties, and Processes Laboratory Methods and Technologies Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine
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