Long-term application of silver nanoparticles in dental restoration materials: potential toxic injury to the CNS

IF 4.2 3区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL
Kaimei Wang, Shiqi Wang, Jingju Yin, Qiankun Yang, Yi Yu, Lin Chen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have durable and remarkable antimicrobial effects on pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, in dental plaques. As such, they are widely added to dental restoration materials, including composite resins, denture bases, adhesives, and implants, to solve the problems of denture stomatitis, peri-implant inflammation, and oral infection caused by the long-term use of these dental restoration materials. However, AgNPs can be absorbed into the blood circulatory system through the nasal/oral mucosa, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and other pathways and then distributed into the lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, and testes, thereby causing toxic injury to these tissues and organs. It can even be transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and continuously accumulate in brain tissues, causing injury and dysfunction of neurons and glial cells; consequently, neurotoxicity occurs. Other nanomaterials with antibacterial or remineralization properties are added to dental restoration materials with AgNPs. However, studies have yet to reveal the neurotoxicity caused by dental restoration materials containing AgNPs. In this review, we summarize the application of AgNPs in dental restoration materials, the mechanism of AgNPs in cytotoxicity and toxic injury to the BBB, and the related research on the accumulation of AgNPs to cause changes of neurotoxicity. We also discuss the mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by AgNPs and the mode and rate of AgNPs released from dental restorative materials added with AgNPs to evaluate the probability of neurotoxic injury to the central nervous system (CNS), and then provide a theoretical basis for developing new composite dental restoration materials.

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银纳米粒子在牙科修复材料中的长期应用:对中枢神经系统的潜在毒性损伤。
银纳米粒子(AgNPs)对牙菌斑中的细菌和真菌等病原微生物具有持久和显著的抗菌作用。因此,它们被广泛添加到牙科修复材料中,包括复合树脂、义齿基托、粘合剂和植入物,以解决长期使用这些牙科修复材料引起的义齿口腔炎、种植体周围炎症和口腔感染的问题。然而,AgNPs可以通过鼻/口腔粘膜、肺、胃肠道、皮肤和其他途径被吸收到血液循环系统中,然后分布到肺、肾、肝、脾和睾丸中,从而对这些组织和器官造成毒性损伤。它甚至可以通过血脑屏障(BBB)转运,并在脑组织中持续积累,导致神经元和神经胶质细胞损伤和功能障碍;因此,出现神经毒性。其他具有抗菌或再矿化性能的纳米材料被添加到具有AgNP的牙齿修复材料中。然而,研究尚未揭示含有AgNPs的牙科修复材料引起的神经毒性。本文综述了AgNPs在牙科修复材料中的应用,AgNPs对血脑屏障的细胞毒性和毒性损伤机制,以及AgNPs积累引起神经毒性变化的相关研究。我们还讨论了AgNPs引起的神经毒性机制以及添加AgNPs的牙科修复材料中AgNPs释放的模式和速率,以评估中枢神经系统(CNS)受到神经毒性损伤的可能性,从而为开发新的复合牙科修复材料提供理论依据。AgNPs引起的神经毒性机制:血液循环中的AgNPs通过跨内皮细胞途径和细胞旁运输途径穿过血脑屏障后进入脑组织,并在脑组织中不断积累,引起神经元和神经胶质细胞的损伤和功能障碍,最终导致神经毒性。神经元、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞对AgNPs的摄取会对这些细胞造成损伤。非神经毒性水平的AgNPs通常会增加多种细胞因子的分泌,上调神经胶质细胞中金属硫蛋白的表达,甚至上调自噬和炎症反应,以保护神经元免受AgNPs的毒性损伤。然而,暴露于神经毒性水平的AgNPs诱导的神经胶质细胞的保护作用不足,导致神经元损伤和功能障碍,甚至神经元程序性细胞死亡,最终引起神经毒性。
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来源期刊
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 工程技术-材料科学:生物材料
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
73
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine publishes refereed papers providing significant progress in the application of biomaterials and tissue engineering constructs as medical or dental implants, prostheses and devices. Coverage spans a wide range of topics from basic science to clinical applications, around the theme of materials in medicine and dentistry. The central element is the development of synthetic and natural materials used in orthopaedic, maxillofacial, cardiovascular, neurological, ophthalmic and dental applications. Special biomedical topics include biomaterial synthesis and characterisation, biocompatibility studies, nanomedicine, tissue engineering constructs and cell substrates, regenerative medicine, computer modelling and other advanced experimental methodologies.
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