Surajit Chattopadhyay, Bo-Xue Du, Zhi-Min Dang, George Chen
{"title":"Nano-materials for engineering application","authors":"Surajit Chattopadhyay, Bo-Xue Du, Zhi-Min Dang, George Chen","doi":"10.1049/nde2.12028","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nano-materials have undergone tremendous advancement in recent years, specifically in the field of engineering applications. To demonstrate these advances, seven high quality articles have been presented in this Special Issue, including one review and six original research works in various fields of engineering applications.</p><p>Reference [<span>1</span>], ‘Polypropylene-based nanocomposites for high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation’ (by Adnan, M. et al.), presents an excellent review of different aspects of nanomaterials used in cable insulation for HVDC applications. The review shows that nanocomposites based on polypropylene exhibit enhanced dielectric properties, making them suitable for DC high voltage applications. Electrical double-layer, multicore and multi-region structure models are used for nanocomposite materials. Different fabrication methods have been improved, such as ‘Intercalation method’, ‘Sol gel method’ and ‘In situ polymerisation’. The paper presents DC breakdown characteristics for nanofiller loading, followed by the different types and effects for different nanocomposites.</p><p>In Reference [<span>2</span>], ‘Structure for fast photonic medium on application of space-division multiplexing (SDM) communication using SiO<sub>2</sub> doped with GeO<sub>2</sub>, and F materials’ (by Behera, B. et al.), an advanced doping structure has been found suitable for applications in SDM communication for a fast photonic medium. A few-mode fibre has been introduced which shows a very small bit-error-rate, confirming the suitability of the advanced doping structure.</p><p>In Reference [<span>3</span>], ‘Nickel-cobalt-zinc ferrite nanoparticles for radio-frequency/terahertz frequency-selective surface application’ (by Arya, M. et al.), an advanced nanoparticle structure has been introduced for radio-frequency/terahertz frequency-selective surface applications. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy was used for analysis which revealed that the saturation magnetisation, remanent magnetisation and coercivity increased with an increase in temperature from 50 to 300 K.</p><p>Reference [<span>4</span>], ‘Investigation on the partial discharge characteristics of eco-friendly nanofluid insulation of corn oil nanofluid’ (by Shantha Kumar M. et al.), has revealed phase-resolved partial discharge analysis useful features of corn oil nanofluid. The oil is biodegradable in nature and, moreover, the analysis with different percentages of SiO<sub>2</sub> has shown improvements of partial discharge inception voltage, reduction of the repetition rate, equivalent time length, magnitude, lower discharge activity due to a rise in the wave shape etc. Thus, the authors have shown that it can be considered eco-friendly as well as an alternate for mineral oils.</p><p>Reference [<span>5</span>], ‘Switching transient-based state of ampere-hour prediction of lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal-hydride and lead acid batteries used in vehicles’ (by Ray, D.K. et al.), presents a state of ampere-hour prediction using wavelet-based statistical analysis. The method can effectively predict charge status of the selected batteries in terms of their capacity at very early stages of operation.</p><p>Reference [<span>6</span>], ‘Understanding the enhanced electrorheological effect of reduced graphene oxide-supported polyaniline dielectric nanoplates by a comparative study with graphene oxide as the support core’ (by Yuan, J. et al.), presents a comparative study with graphene oxide as the support core. The authors have given guidelines for designing high-performance electrorheological materials useful for practical engineering applications.</p><p>Reference [<span>7</span>], ‘High frequency measurement of dielectric permittivity and antimicrobial properties of polyaniline and graphite oxide nanocomposites’ (by Shubha, L.N. et al.), presents advanced technology for measuring dielectric permittivity and antimicrobial properties of selected nanocomposites. In the frequency range of 100 MHz–3 GHz, the investigation was carried out using an radio frequency Impedance Analyser for analysing dielectric responses of the composites. The authors found that the dielectric response decreases with an increase in frequency. Less dielectric constant was found at high frequencies as variation in the field is very rapid for the dipoles to align themselves. The dielectric constant was 25 at 1 GHz and it was found to be around 2 at 3 GHz for Polyaniline/Graphite Oxide (PANI/GO) composites with 30 wt% of GO. At 30% doping of GO, both dielectric loss and constant were found to be at maximum.</p><p>Some of above works have been presented at the IET's Flagship event ‘Michael Faraday IET International Summit (3–4 October 2020)’ in their early stages. The complete issue covers a review of nanomaterials in HVDC systems, advances in structures, modelling, utilities and measuring techniques of nanomaterials in engineering applications. Both low frequency and high frequency-based features have been included. It is hoped that this issue will bring forward more emerging issues of nanomaterials in engineering applications and will provide potential directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.12028","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IET Nanodielectrics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/nde2.12028","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Nano-materials have undergone tremendous advancement in recent years, specifically in the field of engineering applications. To demonstrate these advances, seven high quality articles have been presented in this Special Issue, including one review and six original research works in various fields of engineering applications.
Reference [1], ‘Polypropylene-based nanocomposites for high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation’ (by Adnan, M. et al.), presents an excellent review of different aspects of nanomaterials used in cable insulation for HVDC applications. The review shows that nanocomposites based on polypropylene exhibit enhanced dielectric properties, making them suitable for DC high voltage applications. Electrical double-layer, multicore and multi-region structure models are used for nanocomposite materials. Different fabrication methods have been improved, such as ‘Intercalation method’, ‘Sol gel method’ and ‘In situ polymerisation’. The paper presents DC breakdown characteristics for nanofiller loading, followed by the different types and effects for different nanocomposites.
In Reference [2], ‘Structure for fast photonic medium on application of space-division multiplexing (SDM) communication using SiO2 doped with GeO2, and F materials’ (by Behera, B. et al.), an advanced doping structure has been found suitable for applications in SDM communication for a fast photonic medium. A few-mode fibre has been introduced which shows a very small bit-error-rate, confirming the suitability of the advanced doping structure.
In Reference [3], ‘Nickel-cobalt-zinc ferrite nanoparticles for radio-frequency/terahertz frequency-selective surface application’ (by Arya, M. et al.), an advanced nanoparticle structure has been introduced for radio-frequency/terahertz frequency-selective surface applications. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy was used for analysis which revealed that the saturation magnetisation, remanent magnetisation and coercivity increased with an increase in temperature from 50 to 300 K.
Reference [4], ‘Investigation on the partial discharge characteristics of eco-friendly nanofluid insulation of corn oil nanofluid’ (by Shantha Kumar M. et al.), has revealed phase-resolved partial discharge analysis useful features of corn oil nanofluid. The oil is biodegradable in nature and, moreover, the analysis with different percentages of SiO2 has shown improvements of partial discharge inception voltage, reduction of the repetition rate, equivalent time length, magnitude, lower discharge activity due to a rise in the wave shape etc. Thus, the authors have shown that it can be considered eco-friendly as well as an alternate for mineral oils.
Reference [5], ‘Switching transient-based state of ampere-hour prediction of lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal-hydride and lead acid batteries used in vehicles’ (by Ray, D.K. et al.), presents a state of ampere-hour prediction using wavelet-based statistical analysis. The method can effectively predict charge status of the selected batteries in terms of their capacity at very early stages of operation.
Reference [6], ‘Understanding the enhanced electrorheological effect of reduced graphene oxide-supported polyaniline dielectric nanoplates by a comparative study with graphene oxide as the support core’ (by Yuan, J. et al.), presents a comparative study with graphene oxide as the support core. The authors have given guidelines for designing high-performance electrorheological materials useful for practical engineering applications.
Reference [7], ‘High frequency measurement of dielectric permittivity and antimicrobial properties of polyaniline and graphite oxide nanocomposites’ (by Shubha, L.N. et al.), presents advanced technology for measuring dielectric permittivity and antimicrobial properties of selected nanocomposites. In the frequency range of 100 MHz–3 GHz, the investigation was carried out using an radio frequency Impedance Analyser for analysing dielectric responses of the composites. The authors found that the dielectric response decreases with an increase in frequency. Less dielectric constant was found at high frequencies as variation in the field is very rapid for the dipoles to align themselves. The dielectric constant was 25 at 1 GHz and it was found to be around 2 at 3 GHz for Polyaniline/Graphite Oxide (PANI/GO) composites with 30 wt% of GO. At 30% doping of GO, both dielectric loss and constant were found to be at maximum.
Some of above works have been presented at the IET's Flagship event ‘Michael Faraday IET International Summit (3–4 October 2020)’ in their early stages. The complete issue covers a review of nanomaterials in HVDC systems, advances in structures, modelling, utilities and measuring techniques of nanomaterials in engineering applications. Both low frequency and high frequency-based features have been included. It is hoped that this issue will bring forward more emerging issues of nanomaterials in engineering applications and will provide potential directions for future research.
纳米材料近年来取得了巨大的进步,特别是在工程应用领域。为了证明这些进展,本期特刊发表了七篇高质量的文章,包括一篇综述和六篇原创研究论文,涉及工程应用的各个领域。参考文献[1],“用于高压直流(HVDC)电缆绝缘的聚丙烯基纳米复合材料”(由Adnan, M. et al.撰写),对用于高压直流应用的电缆绝缘的纳米材料的不同方面进行了极好的回顾。研究表明,基于聚丙烯的纳米复合材料具有增强的介电性能,使其适合于直流高压应用。纳米复合材料采用电双层、多核和多区域结构模型。不同的制备方法得到了改进,如“插层法”、“溶胶-凝胶法”和“原位聚合法”。介绍了负载纳米填料的直流击穿特性,以及不同类型的纳米复合材料对直流击穿的影响。在文献[2]“使用SiO2掺杂GeO2和F材料的空分复用(SDM)通信应用中的快速光子介质结构”(Behera, B. et al.)中,发现了一种适用于快速光子介质的SDM通信的先进掺杂结构。引入了一种具有非常小的误码率的少模光纤,证实了这种先进掺杂结构的适用性。在参考文献[3],“用于射频/太赫兹频率选择表面应用的镍钴锌铁氧体纳米颗粒”(Arya, M.等人)中,为射频/太赫兹频率选择表面应用引入了一种先进的纳米颗粒结构。在50 ~ 300 K温度范围内,饱和磁化强度、剩余磁化强度和矫顽力随温度的升高而增大。文献[4],“玉米油纳米流体生态友好型纳米流体绝缘的局部放电特性研究”(Shantha Kumar M. et al.)揭示了玉米油纳米流体相分辨局部放电分析的有用特征。该油在本质上是可生物降解的,此外,不同SiO2含量的分析表明,局部放电起始电压的改善,重复率的降低,等效时间长度和强度的降低,由于波形的上升而导致的放电活性降低等。因此,作者已经表明,它可以被认为是环保的,以及矿物油的替代品。参考文献[5],“基于开关暂态的车用锂离子电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池和铅酸电池的安培小时状态预测”(Ray, D.K.等人),提出了一种基于小波统计分析的安培小时状态预测方法。该方法可以有效地预测所选电池在运行初期的电量状态。文献[6],“通过以氧化石墨烯为支撑核心的对比研究来理解还原氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺介电纳米板的增强电流变效应”(Yuan, J. et al.),提出了以氧化石墨烯为支撑核心的对比研究。作者给出了设计实用的高性能电流变材料的指导方针。参考文献[7],“高频测量聚苯胺和氧化石墨纳米复合材料的介电常数和抗菌性能”(由Shubha, L.N.等人),介绍了测量选定纳米复合材料的介电常数和抗菌性能的先进技术。在100 MHz-3 GHz的频率范围内,使用射频阻抗分析仪分析复合材料的介电响应。作者发现介电响应随频率的增加而减小。在高频率下,由于电场的变化非常快,偶极子会自行排列,因此介电常数较小。在1 GHz时介电常数为25,在3 GHz时介电常数约为2,其中聚苯胺/氧化石墨(PANI/GO)复合材料的氧化石墨含量为30%。当氧化石墨烯掺杂量为30%时,介质损耗和常数均达到最大值。上述一些作品已经在IET的旗舰活动“迈克尔·法拉第IET国际峰会(2020年10月3日至4日)”的早期阶段进行了展示。完整的问题涵盖了高压直流系统中纳米材料的回顾,纳米材料在工程应用中的结构、建模、实用和测量技术的进展。包括低频和高频的特征。 希望本课题能引出更多纳米材料在工程应用中的新兴问题,并为今后的研究提供潜在的方向。