The 1769 Transit of Venus as a Springboard for Jesuit Ministries among the Learned

IF 0.3 Q2 HISTORY

Journal of Jesuit Studies Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI:10.1163/22141332-10020001

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article examines how two Jesuit astronomers made use of a rare celestial phenomenon in attempts at winning the favor of intellectual and ruling élites outside of Catholic regions. The Heidelberg professor Christian Mayer (1719–83) went to Saint Petersburg, where he observed the transit of Venus in 1769 from the observatory of the prestigious Imperial Academy of Sciences. The imperial and royal astronomer of Vienna, Maximilian Hell (1720–92) went to Vardø in northeastern Norway, where he built a small observatory and successfully observed the same transit. The scientific works they published under the auspices of the leading scientific academies in Orthodox Russia and Lutheran Denmark–Norway are analyzed as examples of missionary texts, in an enlarged sense of the word.

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1769年金星凌日作为耶稣会牧师在学术界的跳板

这篇文章探讨了两位耶稣会天文学家如何利用一种罕见的天象，试图赢得天主教地区以外的知识分子和统治精英的青睐。海德堡教授克里斯蒂安·梅尔（1719-83）前往圣彼得堡，1769年在著名的帝国科学院天文台观测到金星凌日。维也纳帝国和皇家天文学家马克西米利安·赫尔（1720–92）前往挪威东北部的瓦尔德，在那里他建造了一个小型天文台，并成功地观测到了同一凌日。他们在俄罗斯东正教和丹麦-挪威路德会的主要科学院的赞助下发表的科学著作被分析为传教士文本的例子，从广义上来说。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Jesuit Studies HISTORY-

CiteScore

0.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This is a full Open Access journal. All articles are available for free from the moment of publication and authors do not pay an article publication charge. The Journal of Jesuit Studies (JJS) is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal dedicated to the study of Jesuit history from the sixteenth to the twenty-first century. It welcomes articles on all aspects of the Jesuit past and present including, but not limited to, the Jesuit role in the arts and sciences, theology, philosophy, mission, literature, and interreligious/inter-cultural encounters. In its themed issues the JJS highlights studies with a given topical, chronological or geographical focus. In addition there are two open-topic issues per year. The journal publishes a significant number of book reviews as well. One of the key tasks of the JJS is to relate episodes in Jesuit history, particularly those which have suffered from scholarly neglect, to broader trends in global history over the past five centuries. The journal also aims to bring the highest quality non-Anglophone scholarship to an English-speaking audience by means of translated original articles.