D. H. Thomas, David Rhode, C. Millar, D. Kennett, T. Harper, S. Mensing
{"title":"Great Basin Survivance (USA): Challenges and Windfalls of the Neoglaciation / Late Holocene Dry Period (3100–1800 cal BP)","authors":"D. H. Thomas, David Rhode, C. Millar, D. Kennett, T. Harper, S. Mensing","doi":"10.1017/aaq.2023.37","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Late Holocene Dry Period (LHDP) was a one-plus millennial megadrought (3100–1800 cal BP) that delivered challenges and windfalls to Indigenous communities of the central Great Basin (United States). New pollen and sedimentation rate studies, combined with existing tree-ring data, submerged stump ages, and lake-level evidence, demonstrate that the LHDP was the driest Great Basin climate within the last 6,000 years—more extreme than the well-known Medieval Climatic Anomaly. New evidence reported here documents that most Great Basin archaeological sites south of 40° N latitude were abandoned during the long dry phase of the LHDP (3100–2200 cal BP), sometimes reoccupied during a wet interval (2200–2000 cal BP), and abandoned again during the most extreme drought (2000–1800 cal BP). Even in the face of epic drought, this is a story of remarkable survivance by some people who adjusted to their drought-stricken landscape where they had lived for millennia. Some moved on, but other resilient foragers refused to abandon their homeland, taking advantage of glacier-fed mountain springs with cooler alpine temperatures and greater moisture retention at high altitude, a result of early Neoglaciation conditions across many Great Basin ranges, despite epic drought conditions in the lowlands.","PeriodicalId":7424,"journal":{"name":"American Antiquity","volume":"88 1","pages":"402 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Antiquity","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2023.37","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Abstract The Late Holocene Dry Period (LHDP) was a one-plus millennial megadrought (3100–1800 cal BP) that delivered challenges and windfalls to Indigenous communities of the central Great Basin (United States). New pollen and sedimentation rate studies, combined with existing tree-ring data, submerged stump ages, and lake-level evidence, demonstrate that the LHDP was the driest Great Basin climate within the last 6,000 years—more extreme than the well-known Medieval Climatic Anomaly. New evidence reported here documents that most Great Basin archaeological sites south of 40° N latitude were abandoned during the long dry phase of the LHDP (3100–2200 cal BP), sometimes reoccupied during a wet interval (2200–2000 cal BP), and abandoned again during the most extreme drought (2000–1800 cal BP). Even in the face of epic drought, this is a story of remarkable survivance by some people who adjusted to their drought-stricken landscape where they had lived for millennia. Some moved on, but other resilient foragers refused to abandon their homeland, taking advantage of glacier-fed mountain springs with cooler alpine temperatures and greater moisture retention at high altitude, a result of early Neoglaciation conditions across many Great Basin ranges, despite epic drought conditions in the lowlands.
摘要全新世晚期干旱期(LHDP)是一场千年一遇的特大干旱(3100–1800 cal BP),给大盆地(美国)中部的土著社区带来了挑战和横财。新的花粉和沉积速率研究,结合现有的树木年轮数据、淹没的树桩年龄和湖面证据,表明LHDP是过去6000年来最干旱的大盆地气候,比众所周知的中世纪气候异常更极端。这里报告的新证据表明,北纬40°以南的大多数大盆地考古遗址在LHDP的长期干旱期(3100–2200 cal BP)被遗弃,有时在潮湿期(2200–2000 cal BP)再次被占用,在最极端的干旱期(2000–1800 cal BP)又被遗弃。即使面对史诗般的干旱,这也是一个关于一些人非凡生存的故事,他们适应了他们生活了数千年的干旱景观。一些人继续前行,但其他有韧性的觅食者拒绝放弃他们的家园,他们利用了冰川补给的山泉,这些山泉的高山温度较低,在高海拔地区保持了更大的水分,这是许多大盆地山脉早期新冰川作用条件的结果,尽管低地出现了严重的干旱。