Air pollution trends measured from MODIS and TROPOMI: AOD and CO over Pakistan

IF 3 4区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI:10.1007/s10874-022-09436-1

Fazzal Qayyum, Salman Tariq, Zia ul-Haq, Usman Mehmood, Özgür Zeydan

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引用次数: 10

Abstract

The TROPOMI (TROPOspheric monitoring instrument) onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite provides high spatial resolution data of carbon monoxide (CO) while the MAIAC (Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction) is a newly developed algorithm applied to MODIS collection 6 observations to retrieve AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) at a high spatial resolution of 1 km. The present study utilized the MAIAC AOD from MODIS Terra and Aqua polar-orbiting satellites between March 2000 to December 2021 and CO from Sentinel-5P during the available period July 2018-December 2021 over Pakistan. Moreover, we used three trend techniques (Linear regression, Mann–Kendall (MK), and Theil-Sen’s Slope) to examine the trends of AOD and CO over Pakistan. The results show that both AOD and CO have high values over central Punjab, western Balochistan, central Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The mean annual high AOD of > 1.2 is observed in eastern Punjab because of an increase in urbanization, industrialization, and economical activities whereas the AOD of ~ 1.0 is observed over Balochistan, Sindh, and a few parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The highest mean annual CO of ˃0.03 mol/m^2 is seen over central Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The results show that seasonal mean MAIAC AOD ranging from 0.7 to > 0.9 was seen over Punjab and Sindh province during the monsoon season whereas the lowest AOD is detected in the winter season over few parts of Balochistan. In contrast, the highest mean seasonal CO ranging from 0.040 to > 0.055 mol/m^2 was seen in the winter season over Punjab. The lowest CO concentration is observed in the winter season over the northern region of Pakistan. Non-parametric analyses (MK and Theil-Sen’s slope) also show an increasing trend of CO over Pakistan from 2018 to 2021. Furthermore, we have also investigated the trends of AOD and CO over selected cities of Pakistan using linear regression, MK test, and Theil-Sen’s slope to reveal long-term air pollution trends.

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从MODIS和TROPOMI测量的空气污染趋势:巴基斯坦上空的AOD和CO

Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P)卫星上的TROPOMI(对流层监测仪器)提供了一氧化碳(CO)的高空间分辨率数据，而MAIAC (Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction)是一种新开发的算法，用于MODIS收集6次观测，以获取1公里高空间分辨率的AOD(气溶胶光学深度)。本研究利用了2000年3月至2021年12月MODIS Terra和Aqua极轨卫星的MAIAC AOD和2018年7月至2021年12月期间Sentinel-5P在巴基斯坦的CO。此外，我们使用了三种趋势技术(线性回归、Mann-Kendall (MK)和Theil-Sen 's Slope)来研究巴基斯坦上空AOD和CO的趋势。结果表明，在旁遮普中部、俾路支省西部、信德省中部和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省，AOD和CO值均较高。由于城市化、工业化和经济活动的增加，在旁遮普省东部观测到年均高AOD为1.2，而在俾路支省、信德省和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省的部分地区观测到年均高AOD为~ 1.0。最高的年平均二氧化碳含量为0.03 mol/m^2的地区出现在旁遮普省中部、信德省和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省。结果表明，季风季节，旁遮普省和信德省的季节平均AOD在0.7 ~ 0.9之间，而俾路支省部分地区的冬季平均AOD最低。相比之下，旁遮普省冬季平均CO值最高，为0.040 ~ 0.055 mol/m^2。在冬季巴基斯坦北部地区观测到的CO浓度最低。非参数分析(MK和Theil-Sen斜率)也显示，从2018年到2021年，巴基斯坦的CO呈增加趋势。此外，我们还研究了巴基斯坦选定城市的AOD和CO的趋势，使用线性回归，MK检验和Theil-Sen斜率来揭示长期空气污染趋势。

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来源期刊

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 地学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

5.00%

发文量

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is devoted to the study of the chemistry of the Earth''s atmosphere, the emphasis being laid on the region below about 100 km. The strongly interdisciplinary nature of atmospheric chemistry means that it embraces a great variety of sciences, but the journal concentrates on the following topics: Observational, interpretative and modelling studies of the composition of air and precipitation and the physiochemical processes in the Earth''s atmosphere, excluding air pollution problems of local importance only. The role of the atmosphere in biogeochemical cycles; the chemical interaction of the oceans, land surface and biosphere with the atmosphere. Laboratory studies of the mechanics in homogeneous and heterogeneous transformation processes in the atmosphere. Descriptions of major advances in instrumentation developed for the measurement of atmospheric composition and chemical properties.