Energy efficiency of technology of cultivation of agricultural crops on the irrigated lands of the South of Ukraine

Abstract

The article reflects the results of research on the study of crop rotation productivity and energy efficiency components of crop rotation technology in terms of depending on different methods and depth of basic tillage. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of basic tillage and fertilization on crop rotation productivity indicators and indicators of economic efficiency of crop rotation technology in irrigated conditions in the south of Ukraine. Methods: the field, in-gravimetric, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematically-statistical and confessedly in Ukraine methods and methodical recommendations. The research was conducted during 2016-2019 in the research fields of the Askanian SARS IIA NAAS of Ukraine. Results. The use of differentiated and shallow single-depth system of basic tillage to the same productivity indicators at the level of 8.21 and 8.22 t.o.o./ha of products. However, the use of shallow tillage with different depths increased the productivity to 8.49 tons of water/ha, or 3.3%, and with no-till the lowest productivity was obtained 7.15 tons of water/ha. At the same time, the organo-mineral system of fertilizer N90P40 + green manure + crop residues yielded at the level of 7.61 tons per hectare. The improvement of nitrogen nutrition of crop rotations to N105P40 + green manure to get her with the earning of crop residues increased this figure to 8.06 ton so.o./ha, or 5.9% more than the control. At the same time, the maximum productivity indicators of 8.52 tons per hectare were obtained for the N120P40 system + green manure + post-harvest residues, which is actually 12% more than in the control. The reduction of total energy consumption was obtained with a shallow single-depth system of main cultivation of 26.45 GJ/ha, and the lowest values of 25.27 GJ/ha were obtained with no-till, which is 6.8% less than in the control. Application of organo-mineral fertilizer system N90P40 + green manure + post harvest residues formed costs at the level of 24.94 GJ/ha, increase of nitrogen nutrition of crop rotations to N105P40 + green manure with post harvest residues increased costs to 26.35 GJ/ha, and the highest costs 26.37 GJ/ha was obtained in the variant N120P40 + green manure, where the figures were higher by 11.5% compared to the control. Almost the same energy yield was obtained for differentiated and single-depth shallow tillage systems 127.33 and 127.64 GJha, respectively. The application of the system of multi-depth tillage increased the yield to 133.24 GJ/ha. Conclusion. The calculation of energy efficiency testifies that growing of agricultural cultures at bringing of N120Р40 + green manure + post-harvest residues in the system of the plowless on different depth is most expedient and justified from the power point of view. Technology of growing, which is based on these agrotechnology measures provides the receipt of maximal energy coefficient at the level of 4,96