Encoding counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically

IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Haiyong Liu
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

In this article, I demonstrate how past time-reference, modality, negation, conditional, and the causal relationship between the protasis and the apodosis work together to generate counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically. I study two syntactic means that can help construe counterfactuality in Chinese. First, I study the case of the specialized complementizer yaobushi ‘if not for’ based on Ippolito and Su (2009) by arguing that the causal clausal relationship and the overt or covert modality are obligatory in yaobushi counterfactual; in particular, I resort to the inherent negative entailment of the modal adverb cai ‘not until’ that satisfies the exhaustive operator to account for the needed negation in cai apodosis. Second, I propose that a hypothetical conditional clause with a past time-reference guarantees past counterfactuality in Chinese. I extend the morphological past-tense exclusion operator for counterfactuality (Iatridou 2000) to a more general and more pragmatic past time-reference to include tenseless languages like Chinese. I also show the special typological status of past tense and past counterfactual.
汉语反事实的句法编码
在这篇文章中,我展示了过去时间指称、情态、否定、条件以及主角和apodosis之间的因果关系是如何在句法上共同产生反事实的。我研究了两种有助于汉语反事实解释的句法手段。首先,我在Ippolito和Su(2009)的基础上研究了专门的补充语yaobushi“如果不是为了”的情况,认为因果从句关系和显性或隐性情态在yaobush反事实中是强制性的;特别是,我求助于语气副词cai的固有否定蕴涵,它满足穷举算子来解释cai apodosis中所需的否定。第二,我提出了一个带有过去时间参照的假设性条件从句来保证汉语的过去反事实性。我将反事实的形态过去时排除算子(Iatridou 2000)扩展到一个更通用、更实用的过去时指称,以包括像汉语这样的无时态语言。我还展示了过去时和过去时反事实的特殊类型地位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
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