{"title":"Encoding counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically","authors":"Haiyong Liu","doi":"10.1075/IJCHL.18002.LIU","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n In this article, I demonstrate how past time-reference, modality, negation, conditional, and the causal\n relationship between the protasis and the apodosis work together to generate counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically. I study\n two syntactic means that can help construe counterfactuality in Chinese. First, I study the case of the specialized complementizer\n yaobushi ‘if not for’ based on Ippolito and Su (2009) by arguing\n that the causal clausal relationship and the overt or covert modality are obligatory in yaobushi counterfactual;\n in particular, I resort to the inherent negative entailment of the modal adverb cai ‘not until’ that satisfies\n the exhaustive operator to account for the needed negation in cai apodosis. Second, I propose that a hypothetical\n conditional clause with a past time-reference guarantees past counterfactuality in Chinese. I extend the morphological past-tense\n exclusion operator for counterfactuality (Iatridou 2000) to a more general and more\n pragmatic past time-reference to include tenseless languages like Chinese. I also show the special typological status of past\n tense and past counterfactual.","PeriodicalId":41020,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1000,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Chinese Linguistics","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1075/IJCHL.18002.LIU","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
In this article, I demonstrate how past time-reference, modality, negation, conditional, and the causal
relationship between the protasis and the apodosis work together to generate counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically. I study
two syntactic means that can help construe counterfactuality in Chinese. First, I study the case of the specialized complementizer
yaobushi ‘if not for’ based on Ippolito and Su (2009) by arguing
that the causal clausal relationship and the overt or covert modality are obligatory in yaobushi counterfactual;
in particular, I resort to the inherent negative entailment of the modal adverb cai ‘not until’ that satisfies
the exhaustive operator to account for the needed negation in cai apodosis. Second, I propose that a hypothetical
conditional clause with a past time-reference guarantees past counterfactuality in Chinese. I extend the morphological past-tense
exclusion operator for counterfactuality (Iatridou 2000) to a more general and more
pragmatic past time-reference to include tenseless languages like Chinese. I also show the special typological status of past
tense and past counterfactual.