Xixi Wu , Thea Vedelaar , Runrun Li , Romana Schirhagl , Marleen Kamperman , Małgorzata K. Włodarczyk-Biegun
{"title":"Melt electrowritten scaffolds containing fluorescent nanodiamonds for improved mechanical properties and degradation monitoring","authors":"Xixi Wu , Thea Vedelaar , Runrun Li , Romana Schirhagl , Marleen Kamperman , Małgorzata K. Włodarczyk-Biegun","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2023.e00288","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biocompatible fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) were introduced into polycaprolactone (PCL) – the golden standard material in melt electrowriting (MEW). MEW is an advanced additive manufacturing technique capable of depositing high-resolution micrometric fibres. Due to the high printing precision, MEW finds growing interest in tissue engineering applications. Here, we introduced fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) into polycaprolactone prior to printing to fabricate scaffolds for biomedical applications with improved mechanical properties. Further FNDs offer the possibility of their real-time degradation tracking. Compared to pure PCL scaffolds, the functionalized ones containing 0.001 wt% of 70 nm-diameter nanodiamonds (PCL-FNDs) showed increased tensile moduli (1.25 fold) and improved cell proliferation during 7-day cell cultures (2.00 fold increase). Furthermore, the addition of FNDs slowed down the hydrolytic degradation process of the scaffolds, accelerated for the purpose of the study by addition of the enzyme lipase to deionized water. Pure PCL scaffolds showed obvious signs of degradation after 3 h, not observed for PCL-FNDs scaffolds during this time. Additionally, due to the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers present on the FNDs, we were able to track their amount and location in real-time in printed fibres using confocal microscopy. This research shows the possibility for high-resolution life-tracking of MEW PCL scaffolds’ degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bioprinting","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405886623000313","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Computer Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Biocompatible fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) were introduced into polycaprolactone (PCL) – the golden standard material in melt electrowriting (MEW). MEW is an advanced additive manufacturing technique capable of depositing high-resolution micrometric fibres. Due to the high printing precision, MEW finds growing interest in tissue engineering applications. Here, we introduced fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) into polycaprolactone prior to printing to fabricate scaffolds for biomedical applications with improved mechanical properties. Further FNDs offer the possibility of their real-time degradation tracking. Compared to pure PCL scaffolds, the functionalized ones containing 0.001 wt% of 70 nm-diameter nanodiamonds (PCL-FNDs) showed increased tensile moduli (1.25 fold) and improved cell proliferation during 7-day cell cultures (2.00 fold increase). Furthermore, the addition of FNDs slowed down the hydrolytic degradation process of the scaffolds, accelerated for the purpose of the study by addition of the enzyme lipase to deionized water. Pure PCL scaffolds showed obvious signs of degradation after 3 h, not observed for PCL-FNDs scaffolds during this time. Additionally, due to the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers present on the FNDs, we were able to track their amount and location in real-time in printed fibres using confocal microscopy. This research shows the possibility for high-resolution life-tracking of MEW PCL scaffolds’ degradation.
期刊介绍:
Bioprinting is a broad-spectrum, multidisciplinary journal that covers all aspects of 3D fabrication technology involving biological tissues, organs and cells for medical and biotechnology applications. Topics covered include nanomaterials, biomaterials, scaffolds, 3D printing technology, imaging and CAD/CAM software and hardware, post-printing bioreactor maturation, cell and biological factor patterning, biofabrication, tissue engineering and other applications of 3D bioprinting technology. Bioprinting publishes research reports describing novel results with high clinical significance in all areas of 3D bioprinting research. Bioprinting issues contain a wide variety of review and analysis articles covering topics relevant to 3D bioprinting ranging from basic biological, material and technical advances to pre-clinical and clinical applications of 3D bioprinting.