In need-based sharing, sharing is more important than need

IF 3 1区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Aaron D. Lightner , Anne C. Pisor , Edward H. Hagen
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Cooperative resource sharing is widespread across cultures, and it was likely critical during much of human evolutionary history for pooling risk. Need-based sharing specifically pools risk by following two cooperative rules: help others when asked, and only request help when in need. In a two-part study, we first expanded an agent-based model of need-based sharing partnerships, adding two types of defection and varying partnership sizes. We show that refusing to help always has a long-term cost, which increases with larger partnerships. In contrast, “greedy” requests that are not based on survival risk carry little-to-no cost. We then conducted an experimental vignette study of osotua, a need-based sharing tradition, with Tanzanian Maasai pastoralists. We found that participants generally complied with osotua requests, but shared larger amounts for requests that were based on survival risk. We conclude by proposing an expanded framework for evolutionary models involving need and fitness interdependence, where the cost asymmetry among types of defection generally favors a decision heuristic where individuals prefer sharing with those in need, but err on the side of generosity when need is uncertain.

在基于需求的共享中,共享比需求更重要
合作资源共享在各种文化中广泛存在,在人类进化史的大部分时间里,它可能对分担风险至关重要。基于需求的共享通过遵循两个合作规则来分担风险:当别人被要求时帮助别人,只有在需要的时候才请求帮助。在一项分为两部分的研究中,我们首先扩展了基于主体的基于需求的共享伙伴关系模型,增加了两种类型的背叛和不同的伙伴关系规模。我们的研究表明,拒绝提供帮助总是要付出长期代价的,这种代价会随着伙伴关系的扩大而增加。相比之下,不是基于生存风险的“贪婪”请求几乎没有成本。然后,我们对坦桑尼亚马赛牧民进行了一项关于osotua(一种基于需求的分享传统)的实验性研究。我们发现,参与者通常会遵守osotua请求,但对于基于生存风险的请求,他们会分享更多的请求。最后,我们提出了一个涉及需求和适应度相互依赖的进化模型的扩展框架,其中,各种背叛类型之间的成本不对称通常倾向于决策启发式,即个体倾向于与有需要的人分享,但在需求不确定时却倾向于慷慨。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Evolution and Human Behavior
Evolution and Human Behavior 生物-行为科学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
9.80%
发文量
62
审稿时长
82 days
期刊介绍: Evolution and Human Behavior is an interdisciplinary journal, presenting research reports and theory in which evolutionary perspectives are brought to bear on the study of human behavior. It is primarily a scientific journal, but submissions from scholars in the humanities are also encouraged. Papers reporting on theoretical and empirical work on other species will be welcome if their relevance to the human animal is apparent.
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