The value of control

IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED
Moritz Reis, Roland Pfister, Katharina A. Schwarz
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Abstract

Voluntary actions are accompanied by a sense of control over this action and its effects. Forming an appropriate sense of control (or sense of agency) has widespread consequences of individual and societal relevance. Moreover, perceived control might serve as a powerful action motivator, although this critical function has been addressed scarcely so far. Thus, in two experiments (N = 101 adults for each study), we directly examined the value of control for human agents by allowing participants to choose between financial gain and situational control. Crucially, a significant share of participants chose to be in control even when this option was less financially rewarding. That is, participants had to be offered 66% (Study 1) and 34% (Study 2) of expected asset earnings as an additional reward to make them predictably waive control. In addition to the value of objective decision rights, we also measured subjectively perceived control. This is a further extension of prior research as similar levels of objective control can lead to substantially different subjective feelings of control. Hereby, we found a share of the participants to create an illusionary sense of agency in situations of little objective control. These results portray perceived control as a powerful motivator for human behavior that comes with a unique and quantifiable value for individual agents.

Abstract Image

控制的价值
自愿行为伴随着对这种行为及其影响的控制感。形成适当的控制感(或代理感)具有广泛的个人和社会相关性。此外,感知控制可能是一种强大的行动激励因素,尽管这一关键功能到目前为止几乎没有得到解决。因此,在两个实验中(每个研究N = 101名成年人),我们通过允许参与者在经济利益和情境控制之间进行选择,直接检验了控制对人类代理人的价值。至关重要的是,很大一部分参与者选择控制,即使这种选择的经济回报较低。也就是说,参与者必须获得66%(研究1)和34%(研究2)的预期资产收益作为额外奖励,以使他们可以预见地放弃控制权。除了客观决策权的价值外,我们还测量了主观感知控制的价值。这是先前研究的进一步延伸,因为相似的客观控制水平可能导致截然不同的主观控制感受。因此,我们发现一部分参与者在缺乏客观控制的情况下会产生一种幻觉的代理感。这些结果将感知控制描述为人类行为的强大动力,对个体代理具有独特和可量化的价值。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
5.00%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: The Journal of Behavioral Decision Making is a multidisciplinary journal with a broad base of content and style. It publishes original empirical reports, critical review papers, theoretical analyses and methodological contributions. The Journal also features book, software and decision aiding technique reviews, abstracts of important articles published elsewhere and teaching suggestions. The objective of the Journal is to present and stimulate behavioral research on decision making and to provide a forum for the evaluation of complementary, contrasting and conflicting perspectives. These perspectives include psychology, management science, sociology, political science and economics. Studies of behavioral decision making in naturalistic and applied settings are encouraged.
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