A Long-liver and a Knight of Science. To the 100th Anniversary of B. I. Khodorov

IF 1.1 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI:10.1134/S1990747822040080

P. D. Bregestovski

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Abstract—

An outstanding neurophysiologist Boris Israelievich Khodorov made an enormous contribution to the study of excitable biological membranes, to the biophysics and physiology of the nervous system. Several generations of biophysicists, physiologists, and neurobiologists learned from his monographs and textbooks. Together with his students and colleagues, he created high-quality electrophysiological facilities for recording of electrical signals in the Ranvier node of isolated nerve fibers and also developed other original experimental models for studying the excitability of ion channels. Using these models, the mechanisms of action of various anesthetics and other substances on the generation of action potentials were investigated. The parameters of activation and inactivation of sodium currents were analyzed using mathematical models, primarily the Hodgkin–Huxley equations. The results of these studies have been included in textbooks, books and manuals on biophysics and physiology of the nervous system. The assumptions made in the early works of B.I. Khodorov that local anesthetics and antiarrhythmic drugs pass to the pore of the ion channel through the hydrophobic pathway of the lipid membrane received convincing confirmation and evidence half a century later, after obtaining the crystal structure of the sodium channel in 2011. Pioneering studies of B.I. Khodorov on the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis of brain neurons during glutamate receptor hyperstimulation, as well as elucidating the role of mitochondria in brain cell neurotoxicity, received wide international recognition. The article provides details of the life and scientific achievements of this outstanding scientist.

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长肝和科学骑士。为霍多罗夫诞辰100周年干杯

摘要:杰出的神经生理学家Boris Israelievich Khodorov对可兴奋生物膜的研究以及神经系统的生物物理学和生理学做出了巨大的贡献。几代生物物理学家、生理学家和神经生物学家都从他的专著和教科书中学习。他与他的学生和同事一起，创造了高质量的电生理设备，用于记录孤立神经纤维的朗维耶结电信号，并开发了其他原始的实验模型，用于研究离子通道的兴奋性。利用这些模型，研究了各种麻醉药和其他物质对动作电位产生的作用机制。利用数学模型，主要是霍奇金-赫胥黎方程，对钠电流的激活和失活参数进行了分析。这些研究的结果已被纳入神经系统生物物理学和生理学的教科书、书籍和手册中。在bi Khodorov早期的著作中，他假设局部麻醉剂和抗心律失常药物是通过脂膜疏水途径进入离子通道孔的，在半个世纪后的2011年，他获得了钠通道的晶体结构，得到了令人信服的证实和证据。他对谷氨酸受体过度刺激时脑神经细胞钙稳态失调的开创性研究，以及对线粒体在脑细胞神经毒性中的作用的阐明，得到了广泛的国际认可。这篇文章详细介绍了这位杰出科学家的生平和科学成就。

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来源期刊

Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology CELL BIOLOGY-

CiteScore

1.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes original articles on physical, chemical, and molecular mechanisms that underlie basic properties of biological membranes and mediate membrane-related cellular functions. The primary topics of the journal are membrane structure, mechanisms of membrane transport, bioenergetics and photobiology, intracellular signaling as well as membrane aspects of cell biology, immunology, and medicine. The journal is multidisciplinary and gives preference to those articles that employ a variety of experimental approaches, basically in biophysics but also in biochemistry, cytology, and molecular biology. The journal publishes articles that strive for unveiling membrane and cellular functions through innovative theoretical models and computer simulations.