Flow dynamics in a vadose shaft – a case study from the Hochschwab karst massif (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria)

IF 1.3 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
E. Kaminsky, Lukas Plan, Thomas Wagner, B. Funk, P. Oberender
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Karst aquifers are highly vulnerable to contamination due to quick water flow through conduits. Their high heterogeneity and the poorly known infiltration effect of the vadose zone make quantification of recharge processes difficult. This study characterizes the water flow and storage in the upper vadose zone with almost four years monitoring of a permanent stream in a vadose shaft (Furtowischacht). Its small catchment of 4,500 m² is located in a former glaciated high Alpine environment (Hochschwab, Austria). High discharge fluctuations between 0.002 and 19 l/s, relatively high hydrograph recession coefficients, and transit velocities between 0.0015 and 2.4 m/s estimated with salt tracer experiments indicate a highly dynamic discharge behavior. A fast point infiltration through open karren and dolines could be observed for rainfall events and indicates a highly karstified network with a rapid water transmission. Snowmelt periods show only a slower flow component and diffuse infiltration. However, condensation within the conduit system is likely superimposed to this signal. A lumped-parameter rainfall-runoff model is used to simulate the discharge with a dual porosity approach. It indicates a low storage volume, which is in accordance with the estimated storage of 22 m³ (or 5 mm), deduced from the recession analyses. In contrary, the physicochemical parameters argue for some storage capability: 1) After an increase of discharge, electric conductivity reacts with an average delay of 50 min; 2) Partly a piston flow can be recognized. These amounts of water may be stored in the partial soil cover alone and therefore the presence of a hydrologically significant epikarst layer is unclear.
渗流竖井中的流动动力学——以Hochschwab岩溶地块为例(奥地利北部钙质阿尔卑斯山)
岩溶含水层极易受到污染,因为水流通过管道很快。它们的高度非均质性和包气带的渗透效应鲜为人知,使得补给过程的量化变得困难。本研究通过对渗流竖井(Furtowiscacht)中的一条永久性溪流进行近四年的监测,对上部渗流带的水流和蓄水进行了表征。其4500平方米的小流域位于前冰川高阿尔卑斯环境中(奥地利霍克什瓦布)。0.002至19 l/s之间的高流量波动、相对较高的过程线后退系数以及用盐示踪剂实验估计的0.0015至2.4 m/s之间的过境速度表明了高度动态的流量行为。在降雨事件中,可以观察到通过开阔卡伦和多林的快速点渗透,这表明存在具有快速输水的高度岩溶网络。融雪期仅显示出较慢的流动成分和扩散渗透。然而,导管系统内的冷凝可能与该信号叠加。采用集总参数降雨径流模型,采用双重孔隙方法模拟流量。这表明储存量较低,这与衰退分析得出的22 m³(或5 mm)的估计储存量一致。相反,物理化学参数证明了一定的储存能力:1)放电增加后,电导率反应平均延迟50分钟;2) 可以部分识别活塞流。这些水量可能仅储存在部分土壤覆盖层中,因此水文意义重大的表层岩溶层的存在尚不清楚。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Speleology
International Journal of Speleology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
23.10%
发文量
12
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Speleology has the aim to get cave and karst science known to an increasing number of scientists and scholars. The journal therefore offers the opportunity to all scientists working in and on karst to publish their original research articles or their review papers in an open access, high quality peer reviewed scientific journal at no cost. The journal offers the authors online first, open access, a free PDF of their article, and a wide range of abstracting and indexing services.
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