DINAMIKA PERIKANAN PELAGIS KECIL DENGAN PUKAT CINCIN DI PERAIRAN SAMUDERA HINDIA BARAT SUMATERA

Abstract

Sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil hasil tangkapan pukat cincin di perairan Samudera Hindia Barat Sumatera memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap produksi perikanan di wilayah tersebut setelah ikan pelagis besar. Supaya pemanfaatannya berkelanjutan maka diperlukan upaya pengelolaan sumber daya ikan berdasarkan kajian perikanan dan biologinya. Data bulanan selama Maret sampai Desember 2018 dikumpulkan dari TPI Lampulo (Banda Aceh) dan Sibolga (Sumatera Utara), bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi dan menganalisis tentang dimensi alat tangkap, daerah penangkapan ikan, komposisi hasil tangkapan, frekuensi ukuran ikan dan upaya penangkapan (hasil per unit upaya, CPUE). Selanjutnya data biologi ikan dianalisis dengan metode analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan dimensi pukat cincin yang digunakan. Jenis ikan layang (Decapterus macarellus) merupakan hasil tangkapan dominan yang didaratkan di PPS Lampulo (Banda Aceh) dan PPN Sibolga (Sumatera Utara), masing-masing sebesar 82,2% dan 51 % dari total produksi ikan tahun 2018 di daerah tersebut. Jenis lainnya meliputi: lemuru (Sardinella lemuru), selar kuning (Selaroides leptolepis), sunglir (Elagatis bipinnulata), kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta), tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) dan selar bentong (Selar crumenophthalmus) dengan proporsi berkisar antara 4,8 – 28 %. Daerah penangkapan ikan semakin jauh dari biasanya. Panjang pertama kali tertangkap (length at first capture, Lc) ikan layang sebesar 24 cmFL, selar bentong 17 cmFL dan tembang 16 cmFL. Hasil per unit upaya (CPUE) pukat cincin di TPI Lampulo dan Sibolga masing-masing sebesar 263 kg/hari dan 316 kg/hari. Small pelagic fish resources caught by purse seiners in the Indian Ocean west off Sumatera contribute an important fish production in those areas after large pelagic fish. Management of fish resources based on fishery and biological informations need to be done to optimize its utilization. Monthly data collected during March to December 2018 were obtained at landing places of Lampulo (Banda Aceh) and Sibolga (North Sumatera). The aims of this research were to determine of dimention of fishing gear, fishing grounds, catch composition, size frequencies of fish and catch per unit of effort (CPUE). The data of characteristic biology were analyzed using an analytical model. The results showed that dimention in length and depth of purse seine has changed. Round scad (Decapterus macarellus) as dominant fish landed at Lampulo and Sibolga landing places with 82.2% and 51 % of total production, respectively. The rest, with proportions ranged between 4.8 to 28.0% included sardine (Sardinella lemuru), yellow stripe trevally (Selaroides leptolepis), Rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata), Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), Fringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata), Bigeye scad (Selar crumenopthalmus). At present, fishing grounds are getting further from the coast. Length at first capture (Lc) of D. macarellus was 24 cmFL, S. fimbriata was 17 cmFL, and S. crumenophthalmus was 16cmFL. The catch per unit of effort by purse seiners in Lampulo and Sibolga were 263 kg/day and 316 kg/day, respectivelly.