Demir Eksikliği Anemisi Nedeniyle Endoskopi ve Kolonoskopi Yapılan Hastalarda Malignite Sıklığının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Evaluation of Frequency of Malignancy in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy Due to Iron Deficiency Anemia Objective: Like most anemias, iron deficiency anemia is not a disease in itself and its etiology needs to be investigated and revealed in each patient. The frequency of etiological causes varies according to age groups in iron deficiency anemia. While the most important cause of iron deficiency anemia is menstrual bleeding in premenopausal women; It causes chronic blood loss from the gastrointestinal system in postmenopausal women and adult men. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the malignancy prevalence of patients who underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy due to iron deficiency. Method: The study included patients who underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy for iron deficiency anemia etiology screening between December 2018 and July 2019. Colonoscopy was performed after appropriate preparation to be evaluated in the terminal ileum. The patients’ age, gender, anamnesis information and procedure results files were examined retrospectively. Results: During this period, colonoscopy was performed in 142 patients due to iron deficiency anemia. Gastroscopy was also performed on 130 of them. 52.81% of the patients were men and 47.18% were women. The mean age of men was 61.4 ± 11.8, and the mean age of women was 55.2 ± 13.6. Of these, 15.5% of patients had polyps in the colon and 80.5% of them were adenomatous polyp. Carcinoma in the colon was detected in 7% of the patients. In a total of 57.7% of these patients, a pathology that could explain anemia such as gastric adenocarcinoma, ulcer, gastritis, esophagitis, esophageal varices, polyps and esophagitis was detected. A total of 64.8% patients had an endoscopic finding that could explain anemia. Conclusion: Endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract should be started after iron deficiency anemia is confirmed by laboratory studies and after excluding anemia due to dietary iron deficiency, increased iron requirement and extra-gastrointestinal blood loss. In this study, we detected polyps in the colon in 15.5% of the cases, and adenocarcinoma in 7.04% of the patients. In the stomach, 0.7% of the patients were found to have adenocarcinoma. This shows the importance of both gastroscopy and colonoscopy in the etiology of iron deficiency anemia.