Effects of climate and land use changes on stream flow of Chitral river basin of northern highland Hindu-Kush region of Pakistan

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL
Shakeel Ahmad , Haifeng Jia , Zhengxia Chen , Qian Li , Dingkun Yin , Muhammad Israr , Waseem Hayat , Hazrat Bilal , Rasheed Ahmed , Anam Ashraf
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Adverse impacts of climate change on the ecosystem have been a significant concern in the last decades. However, the studies related to the impacts of climate change on water resources, especially in northern Pakistan are of great importance as this region is the main supplier of freshwater to the downstream areas. So, the present study was carried out in Chitral River Basin (CRB) to investigate the long term climatic and topographic changes. Spatiotemporal datasets from MODIS Land Cover Type product (MCD12Q1) from 2001 to 2018, ground-based observational climatic and hydrological data were used. Moreover, the Mann-Kendall trend test, linear regression analysis, correlation, and Sen’s slope values for the mean annual and seasonal flows were assessed. The acquired results show that land use changes are the key non-natural factors in transforming the ecological and hydrological processes of CRB. The mixed and evergreen forest, shrubland, savannas, and barren land respectively decreased from 0.07 to 0.03%, 0.07 to 0.05%, 3.64 to 3.25%, and 70.10 to 67.17%, from 2001 to 2018. In addition, a considerable increment in snow cover from 8.79% to 10.71%, and slight increment in grasslands, wetlands, and croplands were also found between the period of observation. In addition, total annual precipitation and mean annual stream flow showed slight upward trends. Annual increment in total rainfall and snow covered area could be the possible reasons for the observed increased river flow.

Abstract Image

气候和土地利用变化对巴基斯坦兴都库什北部高地吉德拉尔河流域水流的影响
在过去的几十年里,气候变化对生态系统的不利影响一直是一个值得关注的问题。然而,有关气候变化对水资源影响的研究,特别是在巴基斯坦北部,是非常重要的,因为该地区是下游地区的主要淡水供应者。因此,本研究以吉德拉尔河流域为研究对象,探讨其长期的气候和地形变化。利用2001 - 2018年MODIS土地覆盖类型产品(MCD12Q1)的时空数据集,包括地面观测的气候和水文数据。利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、线性回归分析、相关分析和Sen’s slope值对年平均流量和季节平均流量进行了评价。研究结果表明,土地利用变化是影响流域生态水文过程的关键非自然因素。2001 - 2018年,混交林、常绿林、灌丛、稀树草原、荒地分别从0.07%减少到0.03%、0.07%减少到0.05%、3.64%减少到3.25%、70.10减少到67.17%。此外,积雪覆盖面积从8.79%增加到10.71%,草地、湿地和农田的积雪覆盖面积也略有增加。年总降水量和年平均水流量均呈轻微上升趋势。年总降雨量和积雪面积的增加可能是观测到的河流流量增加的原因。
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来源期刊
Journal of Hydro-environment Research
Journal of Hydro-environment Research ENGINEERING, CIVIL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
34
审稿时长
98 days
期刊介绍: The journal aims to provide an international platform for the dissemination of research and engineering applications related to water and hydraulic problems in the Asia-Pacific region. The journal provides a wide distribution at affordable subscription rate, as well as a rapid reviewing and publication time. The journal particularly encourages papers from young researchers. Papers that require extensive language editing, qualify for editorial assistance with American Journal Experts, a Language Editing Company that Elsevier recommends. Authors submitting to this journal are entitled to a 10% discount.
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