Joseph II’s 1782 Edict of Toleration for the Jews of Lower Austria and its Economic and Secular Underpinnings and Effects

IF 1.2 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Emma Trevor
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Joseph II’s 1782 Edict of Toleration is an important piece of legislation within Austrian and Jewish history. The Edict was a series of statements issued regarding the inclusion of Jewish citizens into larger towns, marking what was permitted, what was to change, and what was prohibited. Created by Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, son of the notoriously anti-Jewish Empress Maria Theresia, the legislation was institutionalized in order to make Jewish people more useful economically to the state by granting them access to cities and towns, Christian schools and universities, and by allowing them to set up their own factories. It created secular subjects to achieve economic gains. The Edict can be analyzed for its economic underpinnings and effects, which can be further examined through a micro- and macroscopic lens, as well as viewing the role it had in promoting the toleration and assimilation of Jews. The Edict, despite its failure to achieve its steep economic goals or to fully assimilate Austria’s Jewish community, nonetheless is key to understanding the political, economic, and religious climate of Lower Austria at this time.
约瑟夫二世1782年颁布的《宽容下奥地利犹太人法令》及其经济和世俗基础和影响
约瑟夫二世1782年的《宽容法令》是奥地利和犹太历史上的一项重要立法。该法令是关于将犹太公民纳入更大城镇的一系列声明,标志着什么是允许的,什么是改变的,以及什么是禁止的。这项立法由神圣罗马帝国皇帝约瑟夫·二世创建,他是臭名昭著的反犹太女皇玛丽亚·特蕾西亚的儿子。该立法被制度化,目的是通过允许犹太人进入城镇、基督教学校和大学,并允许他们建立自己的工厂,使他们在经济上对国家更有用。它创造了世俗的主体来获得经济利益。可以分析该法令的经济基础和影响,可以从微观和宏观的角度进一步研究,也可以观察它在促进对犹太人的宽容和同化方面所起的作用。尽管该法令未能实现其陡峭的经济目标或完全同化奥地利的犹太社区,但它仍然是理解下奥地利此时政治、经济和宗教气候的关键。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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