Lin Hou, Xiaowei Jin, Na Liu, Ying Luo, Zhenfei Yan, Miao Chen, Yang Liu, Huiyu Xie, John P. Giesy, Fengchang Wu, Jian Xu
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引用次数: 6
Abstract
Background
As a triazole fungicide, triadimefon is widely used around the world. The ubiquitous occurrence of triadimefon in aquatic environments and potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms have resulted in global concerns. In this review, the current state of knowledge on occurrence, environmental behavior, and toxic effects are presented and used to conduct an assessment of risks posed by current concentrations of triadimefon in aquatic environments.
Results
The key findings from this review are that: (1) triadimefon occurred widely in surface waters, with high rates of detection; (2) abiotic degradation of triadimefon was affected by many factors. Stereoselectivity was found during biotic degradation and metabolism of triadimefon. Different enantiomers can cause various adverse effects, which complicates the assessment and requires enantiomers-specific considerations; (3) triadimefon exposure can affect organisms by causing multiple toxic effects on the thyroid, reproductive system, liver, nervous system as well as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, and it can also act synergistically with other pesticides. Long-term, low-dose effects were considered to be the main characteristics of toxic effects of triadimefon; (4) results of the risk assessment based on probabilistic relationships represented by joint probability curves (JPCs) indicated that risk of triadimefon was classified as low risk.
Conclusion
Triadimefon occurred widely in surface waters, with high rates of detection, while the concentration data of triadimefon in surface water is insufficient. Researches about toxic effects and mechanisms of triadimefon on invertebrate are needed. Meanwhile, researches about toxic effects and environmental exposure of chiral monomers are also required. Due to its reproductive toxicity, triadimefon might result in adverse effects on the population level or even on the ecosystem level. Risk assessments for pesticides that cause long-term and low-dose effects on aquatic organisms such as triadimefon need to consider higher-level ecological risk.
三唑美丰作为一种三唑类杀菌剂,在世界范围内得到了广泛的应用。三嘧霉啶在水生环境中的普遍存在及其对水生生物的潜在不良影响已引起全球关注。在这篇综述中,介绍了目前关于三嘧霉啶的发生、环境行为和毒性效应的知识状况,并用于对水生环境中当前浓度的三嘧霉啶所构成的风险进行评估。结果:(1)地表水中三嘧酮广泛存在,检出率高;(2)三唑美酮的非生物降解受多种因素影响。在生物降解和代谢过程中发现立体选择性。不同的对映体可引起不同的不良反应,这使评估复杂化,需要对对映体进行特定的考虑;(3)三二美丰暴露可对生物体产生甲状腺、生殖系统、肝脏、神经系统的多重毒性作用以及致癌性和致畸性,并可与其他农药协同作用。长期、低剂量效应被认为是三唑美酮毒性作用的主要特征;(4)基于联合概率曲线(joint probability curves, JPCs)表示的概率关系的风险评价结果表明,三嗪酮的风险为低风险。结论三唑美酮在地表水中广泛存在,检出率高,但地表水中三唑美酮的浓度资料不足。对无脊椎动物的毒性作用及其机制还需要进一步的研究。同时,还需要对手性单体的毒性效应和环境暴露进行研究。由于其生殖毒性,可能对种群水平甚至生态系统水平产生不利影响。对于对水生物造成长期和低剂量影响的农药(如三唑美丰)的风险评估需要考虑更高水平的生态风险。
期刊介绍:
ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation.
ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation.
ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation.
Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues.
Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.