HUMANISME KARYA-KARYA SASTRA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: SEBUAH PERGULATAN DISKURSIF

Faruk Faruk
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Until now Pramoedya Ananta Toer is still recognized as a great Indonesian writer. For this reason, many people doubt that Hanung Bramantyo as popular movie director can perfectly and deeply adapt Pramoedya’s literary works into movies. Some scholars agree that one of the fundamental values in Pramoedya’s works is humanism. However, since Pramoedya visited China and was involved in Lekra, their opinions were split into two categories of humanism: universal humanism on the one hand and the socialist humanism on the other. This research attempted to scrutinize whether Pramoedya is on one of the humanism categories or beyond both categories. Theoretical framework of this research is Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory combined with Bhabha’s concept Location of Culture, while the method is the appropriate discourse analysis method.  This research found that Pramoedya’s humanism is beyond universal and socialist humanism. In his articulations of humanism as uncovered from his literary works, there are different positions taken by Pramoedya according to different discursive arenas in wich the humanism articulated. In other words, Pramoedya’s postcolonial humanism is located in the liminal area that is always in contestation and negotiation.
人类劫车
直到现在,普拉莫迪亚·阿南塔·托尔仍然被公认为一位伟大的印尼作家。正因为如此,很多人怀疑哈农·布拉曼托作为一位炙手可热的电影导演能否将普拉莫迪亚的文学作品完美而深入地改编成电影。一些学者一致认为,普拉莫迪亚作品的一个基本价值观是人本主义。然而,由于普拉莫迪亚访问中国并参与勒克拉,他们的观点被分为两类人文主义:一类是普世人文主义,另一类是社会主义人文主义。本研究试图考察普拉莫迪亚是属于人文主义范畴之一,还是超越了这两个范畴。本研究的理论框架是拉克劳和莫菲的话语理论与巴的文化定位概念相结合,而该方法是合适的话语分析方法。研究发现,普拉莫迪亚的人道主义超越了普世人道主义和社会主义人道主义。普拉莫迪亚在其文学作品中对人本主义的阐述中,根据人本主义阐述的不同话语领域,有着不同的立场。也就是说,普拉莫迪亚的后殖民人文主义始终处于争论和协商的边缘地带。
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