Which is the optimum parenting for adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy? Self-concept, psychological maladjustment and academic performance of adolescents in the Spanish context

IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
M. Reyes, Oscar Fernando Garcia, A. F. Perez-Gramaje, Emilia Serra, J. Mélendez, Marta Alcaide, Fernando García
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to establish which parenting style is associated with optimum outcomes among adolescents of Spanish families considering adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy. Although classical studies identify the authoritative parenting style (based on warmth and strictness) as the best parental strategy, emerging research seriously questions the benefits of parental strictness. Additionally, the impact of parenting on the adolescent’s psychosocial competence has been studied for years, but less is known about whether it might vary depending on individual characteristics of the adolescent (e.g., self-efficacy). Participants were 1029 Spanish adolescents, 453 males (44%), aged 12-17 years. Families were classified in one of the parenting styles groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful), and adolescents were grouped by low vs. high self-efficacy. Adolescent psychosocial competence was examined through emotional and academic self-concept, psychological maladjustment (hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, emotional responsivity, instability, and negative view of the world), and academic performance (grade point average and number of failing grades). Main and interaction effects of parenting style and adolescent self-efficacy were tested. Main effect results indicated that adolescents with low self-efficacy were always associated with the worst psychosocial competence. Consistently, the main effect findings indicated that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families were associated with better results than those from neglectful and authoritarian families. However, the indulgent parenting style yielded the best results. The impact of parenting might not be the same for adolescents in all cultural contexts. Contrary to findings from classical studies, parental strictness seems to be unnecessary or even detrimental for adolescents with low and high self-efficacy. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar qué estilo parental se asocia con resultados óptimos entre los adolescentes de familias españolas considerando aquellos con baja vs. alta autoeficacia. Los participantes fueron 1029 adolescentes españoles, 453 varones (44%), de 12 a 17 años. Aunque los estudios clásicos identifican el estilo autorizativo (basado en el afecto y la severidad) como la mejor estrategia socializadora, las investigaciones emergentes cuestionan seriamente los beneficios de la severidad parental. Además, el impacto de la socialización parental en la competencia psicosocial del adolescente se ha estudiado durante años, pero se sabe menos sobre si podría variar en función de las características individuales del adolescente (e.g., la autoeficacia). Las familias fueron clasificadas por estilo parental (autorizativo, autoritario, indulgente o negligente), y los adolescentes por baja vs. alta autoeficacia. La competencia psicosocial se examinó a través del autoconcepto emocional y académico, el desajuste psicológico (hostilidad/agresión, autoestima negativa, irresponsividad emocional, inestabilidad emocional y visión negativa del mundo) y el rendimiento académico (nota media y número de cursos repetidos). Se comprobaron los efectos principales y de interacción de estilo parental y autoeficacia. Los resultados de los efectos principales indicaron que los adolescentes con baja autoeficacia presentaban siempre la peor competencia psicosocial. También que los adolescentes de familias indulgentes y autorizativas presentaron mejores resultados que los de familias negligentes y autoritarias. Sin embargo, el estilo parental indulgente se asoció a los mejores resultados. El impacto de la socialización parental podría no ser igual en todos los contextos culturales. Frente a los resultados de los estudios clásicos, la severidad parental parece ser innecesaria o incluso perjudicial para los adolescentes con baja y alta autoeficacia.
对于自我效能感低和自我效能感高的青少年来说,哪一种是最佳的育儿方式?西班牙背景下青少年的自我概念、心理不适应与学习成绩
本文的目的是确定父母的风格与西班牙家庭的青少年中的最佳结果有关,考虑到低自我效能感和高自我效能感的青少年。虽然经典研究将权威的父母风格(基于温暖和严格)确定为最佳父母策略,但新兴的研究严重质疑父母严格的好处。此外,多年来一直在研究父母教养方式对青少年心理社会能力的影响,但关于父母教养方式是否会根据青少年的个人特征(如自我效能感)而有所不同的知之甚少。参与者为1029名西班牙青少年,453名男性(44%),年龄12-17岁。家庭被分为一个父母风格的群体(权威、权威、宽容或忽视),青少年被分为低自我效能感和高自我效能感。青少年的心理社会能力通过情感和学业自我概念、心理失调(敌意/攻击、负面自我感觉、情感反应、不稳定和对世界的负面看法)和学业表现(平均成绩和失败分数)进行检查。测试了父母教养方式和青少年自我效能感的主要影响因素和交互作用。主要影响结果表明,自我效能感低的青少年总是与最差的心理社会能力有关。一贯,主要影响调查结果表明,来自宽容和权威家庭的青少年比来自忽视和权威家庭的青少年的结果更好。然而,宽容的父母风格产生了最好的结果。在所有文化背景下,父母的影响对青少年的影响可能不同。与经典研究的结果相反,父母的严格似乎对自我效能感低而高的青少年来说是不必要的,甚至是有害的。这项研究的目的是确定哪种父母风格与西班牙家庭的青少年的最佳结果有关,而那些自我效能感较低或较高的青少年。参与者是1029名西班牙青少年,453名男性(44%),年龄在12至17岁之间。虽然经典研究将授权风格(基于情感和严厉)确定为最佳社交策略,但新兴研究严重质疑父母严厉的好处。此外,多年来一直在研究父母社会化对青少年心理社会能力的影响,但人们对其是否会因青少年的个人特征(如自我效能感)而有所不同知之甚少。家庭按父母风格(授权、专制、放纵或疏忽)分类,青少年按低自我效能感和高自我效能感分类。心理社会能力通过情感和学业自我概念、心理失调(敌意/攻击、负自尊、情感不负责任、情感不稳定和负世界观)和学业表现(平均成绩和重复课程的数量)进行检查。验证了父母风格和自我效能感的主要影响和相互作用。主要影响结果表明,自我效能感较低的青少年总是表现出最差的心理社会能力。此外,来自宽容和授权家庭的青少年的结果比来自疏忽和专制家庭的青少年要好。然而,宽容的父母风格与最佳结果有关。在所有文化背景下,父母社会化的影响可能并不相同。与经典研究的结果相比,父母的严厉似乎是不必要的,甚至对自我效能感低和高的青少年有害。
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来源期刊
Anales De Psicologia
Anales De Psicologia 医学-心理学
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
5.90%
发文量
57
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Anales de Psicologia / Annals of Psychology is a multidisciplinary journal of the various thematic areas of scientific psychology. It publishes original research articles and theoretical review in any of its basic, applied and methodological areas included within psychology. Publishing, financing, marketing and distribution corresponds Editum: Editions of the University of Murcia (Spain). The organizational guidelines and editorial policies come from the Editorial Team (elected for four years by the Areas and / or Departments of Psychology at the University of Murcia) and the Editorial Board, composed of scholars and experts from different universities and institutions national and international. It is published in print (ISSN: 0212-9728) since 1984 and in Internet publishing (web) (ISSN: 1695-2294) since 2000. Available online full text in pdf from the vol. 1 1984. Anales de Psicologia / Annals of Psychology maintains a system of exchange with other journals and publications of psychology in the world. Through an free exchange agreement with their respective publishers or entities responsible for editing, these journals and publications are received at the University of Murcia (Biblioteca "Luis Vives", near the Faculty of Psychology) and in return, our journal is sent to libraries and educational and research institutions such centers responsible for editing.
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