Refraction Data Survey, Ensemble & Time Series Statistics during Adolescence

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this report is to quantify left eye to right eye refractive state differentials resulting from the accumulation of naturally occurring random fluctuations. Methods: Clinical SER data from adolescent emmetropic human subjects are measured and analyzed in terms of ensemble and time-series and fluctuations of the left eye , right eye , and left-right differential measurement, N = 20 subj. Results: Results include random fluctuations for left and right eyes of human subjects age 11 to 23 years. Ensemble R L differential measurement for this group is +/0.21 diopters RMS. Left-Right coupling ratio is CR = 0.88 for both the differential and average /2 control system input signals. Data from human subjects show individual fluctuations of +/0.15 D to +/0.35 D for the left and right eyes. Normal emmetropic eyes exhibit a slow and steady trend towards myopia, at the rate of -0.40 to -0.50 diopt./decade. Conclusions: Ensemble and time-series results show that 15.9% of emmetropic adolescents are expected to progress into myopia during ages 12 to 22 years. Substantial shifts of greater than +/0.4 diopters will produce a negative myopic exponential time constant response of the focal status of the eye. The aim of this study is to analyze cross-sectional (ensemble) and longitudinal (time series) results, both in terms of the trend line and fluctuations about said line.