Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark of Codiauem variegatum Using Two Gram-positive and Two Gram-negative Bacteria

Abstract

The current research examined at the histological investigation, physiological evaluation, and phytochemical screening of Codiauem variegatum stem bark extracts. Codiauem variegatum extracts were prepared in ethanol, aqueous, chloroform, and pet ether. Carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, glycosides such as saponins and flavonoids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, and steroids are found in phytochemical screening. The physiological analysis reveals 7.5% W/W ash value, 0.49%W/W acid insoluble ash, and 5.5 W/W water insoluble ash, 7.4% W/W loss of drying, extractive value of 0.7 % W/W pet ether extract, 0.8% W/W chloroform extract, 3.8% W/W ethanol extract, 2.8% W/W and water. The antimicrobial properties of Codiauem variegatum stem bark against two gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms were investigated in this study. Codiauem variegatum stem bark extracts were produced in ethanol, aqueous, chloroform, and pet ether. The antimicrobial activity of several extracts was evaluated and observed against bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus were tested using the well plate method for the size of the zone of inhibition and the minimal inhibition method, and the maximum and minimum concentrations were evaluated.