The infection of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 delays the early embryonic development of zebrafish

Abstract

Zebrafish is a model animal for aquaculture as well as bio-medicine. Murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is widely regarded as a model for the study of human gamma herpesviruses such as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). In this study, the infection of MHV68 on zebrafish was investigated through incubating fertilized zebrafish eggs with MHV68. The development of zebrafish delayed or stopped at early stage separately when the zebrafish eggs were incubated with MHV68 at different dose for 2 h. The lytic gene of MHV68, including ORF65, RTA and ORF57, were detected in the genome of larvae hatched from the infected eggs. The transcription of the latent gene LANA but not of these lytic genes was detected by RT-PCR. The mRNA level of growth factor TGF-β1, but not of FGF3, was obviously decreased in the larvae from the MHV68 treated eggs. The mRNA levels of cytokines, such as IFNφ3, ISG15 and TNFα, varied post MHV68 infection; however, the transcription of the cytosolic DNA sensors, including DDX41, DHX9 and cGAS, did not change significantly. Moreover, the data generated in zebrafish cell line demonstrated that MHV68 could infect ZF4 cells. All the data support the conclusion that MHV68 could infect zebrafish embryo in the egg envelope and go into latent infection, which will delay the development of the embryos through some unknown mechanism.