The Unsettled Plain: An Environmental History of the Late Ottoman Frontier Chris Gratien (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2022). Pp. 328. $28.00 paper. ISBN: 9781503631267
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引用次数: 1
Abstract
munities inhabiting those lands as a necessary corollary of political and economic progress. Çiçek’s description of the tribe also posits an “undisputed legitimacy” for those bedouin leaders with the martial strength and community respect to attain the position of sheikh (19). Çiçek grants these individuals, who appear most frequently in imperial archives, a high level of agency: they, rather than their wider communities, are the “partners of the empire” in his account. This claim of elite legitimacy works alongside Çiçek’s reification of the socially constructed division between “pure nomads” who purportedly had no interest in agriculture and “sedentary” agropastoralist bedouin groups. This division between “pure” and “semi-sedentary” groups holds wide provenance among bedouin communities themselves and the anthropological literature associated with them, and many scholars have used it as an explanatory device rather than a social construct and object of analytical criticism. For example, when narrating the failure of an Ottoman project to settle Shammar communities in Mosul in the 1870s, Çiçek adopts the Ottoman official position that the Shammar refused to settle because they were “pure nomads.” This argument precludes further historical inquiry into the internal dynamics of Shammar communities and the political tensions surrounding the land distributions settlement entailed. Çiçek’s monograph is a crucial contribution to a growing body of scholarship on Ottoman political economy outside the empire’s cities and exclusively agricultural realms. His book gestures toward a future horizon of historical research on the political, economic, and social roles of the communities inhabiting the interior regions of the Arabic-speaking Ottoman world.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Middle East Studies publishes original research on politics, society and culture in the Middle East from the seventh century to the present day. The journal also covers Spain, south-east Europe, and parts of Africa, South Asia, and the former Soviet Union for subjects of relevance to Middle Eastern civilization. Particular attention is paid to the history, politics, economics, anthropology, sociology, literature, and cultural studies of the area and to comparative religion, theology, law, and philosophy. Each issue contains approximately 50 pages of detailed book reviews. Subscribers to the print version also receive the Review of Middle East Studies free. Published under the auspices of the Middle East Studies Association of North America