Do Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) engage in long-distance migration? An assessment of evidence and mechanisms

IF 7.1 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
C. Scott Clem, Keith A. Hobson, Alexandra N. Harmon-Threatt
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Long-distance insect migration is poorly understood despite its tremendous ecological and economic importance. As a group, Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae), which are crucial pollinators as adults and biological control agents as larvae, are almost entirely unrecognized as migratory despite examples of highly migratory behavior among several Palearctic species. Here, we examined evidence and mechanisms of migration for four hover fly species (Allograpta obliqua, Eupeodes americanus, Syrphus rectus, and Syrphus ribesii) common throughout eastern North America using stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements of chitinous tissue, morphological assessments, abundance estimations, and cold-tolerance assays. Although further studies are needed, nonlocal isotopic values obtained from hover fly specimens collected in central Illinois support the existence of long-distance fall migratory behavior in Eu. americanus, and to a lesser extent S. ribesii and S. rectus. Elevated abundance of Eu. americanus during the expected autumn migratory period further supports the existence of such behavior. Moreover, high phenotypic plasticity of morphology associated with dispersal coupled with significant differences between local and nonlocal specimens suggest that Eu. americanus exhibits a unique suite of morphological traits that decrease costs associated with long-distance flight. Finally, compared with the ostensibly nonmigratory A. obliqua, Eu. americanus was less cold tolerant, a factor that may be associated with migratory behavior. Collectively, our findings imply that fall migration occurs in Nearctic hover flies, but we consider the methodological limitations of our study in addition to potential ecological and economic consequences of these novel findings.

Abstract Image

新北极飞蝇(双翅目:蚜蝇科)是否参与长途迁徙?对证据和机制的评估
尽管昆虫的长途迁徙具有巨大的生态和经济意义,但人们对其了解甚少。作为一个群体,新北极地区的盘旋蝇(双翅目:飞蝇科:飞蝇科)作为一个重要的传粉者和作为幼虫的生物控制剂,几乎完全不被认为是迁徙的,尽管在一些古北极物种中有高度迁徙行为的例子。在这里,我们通过对几丁质组织的稳定氢同位素(δ2H)测量、形态学评估、丰度估计和耐寒性分析,研究了北美东部常见的四种悬停蝇(斜异蝇、美洲欧洲蝇、直飞蝇和ribesii)的迁移证据和机制。虽然还需要进一步的研究,但从伊利诺斯州中部收集的悬停蝇标本中获得的非局部同位素值支持了欧洲长距离秋季迁徙行为的存在。美洲种,以及较小程度上的ribesii和rectus。Eu含量升高。在预期的秋季迁徙期间,美洲龟进一步支持了这种行为的存在。此外,与扩散相关的形态学的高表型可塑性,加上本地和非本地标本之间的显著差异,表明欧盟。美洲鸟表现出一套独特的形态特征,减少了与长途飞行有关的成本。最后,与表面上不迁移的A. obliqua相比,Eu。美洲人的耐寒性较差,这一因素可能与迁徙行为有关。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,秋季迁徙发生在新北极的悬停蝇中,但我们考虑到我们研究的方法局限性以及这些新发现的潜在生态和经济后果。
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来源期刊
Ecological Monographs
Ecological Monographs 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
12.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
61
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The vision for Ecological Monographs is that it should be the place for publishing integrative, synthetic papers that elaborate new directions for the field of ecology. Original Research Papers published in Ecological Monographs will continue to document complex observational, experimental, or theoretical studies that by their very integrated nature defy dissolution into shorter publications focused on a single topic or message. Reviews will be comprehensive and synthetic papers that establish new benchmarks in the field, define directions for future research, contribute to fundamental understanding of ecological principles, and derive principles for ecological management in its broadest sense (including, but not limited to: conservation, mitigation, restoration, and pro-active protection of the environment). Reviews should reflect the full development of a topic and encompass relevant natural history, observational and experimental data, analyses, models, and theory. Reviews published in Ecological Monographs should further blur the boundaries between “basic” and “applied” ecology. Concepts and Synthesis papers will conceptually advance the field of ecology. These papers are expected to go well beyond works being reviewed and include discussion of new directions, new syntheses, and resolutions of old questions. In this world of rapid scientific advancement and never-ending environmental change, there needs to be room for the thoughtful integration of scientific ideas, data, and concepts that feeds the mind and guides the development of the maturing science of ecology. Ecological Monographs provides that room, with an expansive view to a sustainable future.
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