Quantifying the extent of climate inequality in China

IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Jie-Sheng Tan-Soo , Shuai Chen , Hai-Jian Ye
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Abstract

Using individual-level panel data representative of Chinese residents, this study examines in detail the relationship between temperature and subjective well-being (SWB). We first find that a 1 °C increase in temperature anomalies (difference between current and historical temperature) causes a 0.02 decrease in SWB (2% of 1 S.D.). Second, we present evidence of climate inequality along socioeconomic status (SES) as SWB of better educated, and higher-income Chinese residents are less affected by temperature anomalies compared to their lower SES counterparts. Closer examination reveals that adaptation mechanisms such as ownership of air-conditioners, automobiles, and indoor work help to alleviate adverse impacts of temperature anomalies. Lastly, for better comparison, we express our findings as monetized damages. We compute that a 1 °C increase in temperature anomalies causes damages equivalent to around 6.9% of income. However, these damages are mostly driven by Chinese from the lower-SES stratum as their damages are equivalent to around 9.6% of income compared to no damages for the high-SES group. Similarly, when translated into elasticity, we find that temperature-induced damages reduce by around 2% for every 1% increase in average income.

量化中国气候不平等的程度
本研究利用具有代表性的中国居民的个体水平面板数据,详细考察了温度与主观幸福感之间的关系。我们首先发现,温度异常(当前和历史温度之间的差异)增加1°C会导致SWB减少0.02 (1 sd的2%)。其次,我们提供了气候不平等的证据,表明受教育程度较高和收入较高的中国居民受温度异常的影响较小,而社会经济地位较低的中国居民受温度异常的影响较小。进一步的研究表明,空调、汽车和室内工作等适应机制有助于减轻温度异常的不利影响。最后,为了更好地进行比较,我们将我们的发现表示为货币化损害。我们计算出,温度异常每增加1°C,造成的损失相当于收入的6.9%左右。然而,这些损害主要是由来自较低社会地位阶层的中国人造成的,因为他们的损害相当于收入的9.6%左右,而高社会地位群体则没有损害。同样地,当转化为弹性时,我们发现平均收入每增加1%,温度引起的损害就会减少约2%。
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来源期刊
Climate Risk Management
Climate Risk Management Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
76
审稿时长
30 weeks
期刊介绍: Climate Risk Management publishes original scientific contributions, state-of-the-art reviews and reports of practical experience on the use of knowledge and information regarding the consequences of climate variability and climate change in decision and policy making on climate change responses from the near- to long-term. The concept of climate risk management refers to activities and methods that are used by individuals, organizations, and institutions to facilitate climate-resilient decision-making. Its objective is to promote sustainable development by maximizing the beneficial impacts of climate change responses and minimizing negative impacts across the full spectrum of geographies and sectors that are potentially affected by the changing climate.
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